Simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and demonstrates retinal microvascular dilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

G. J. McKay; R. V. McCarter; R. E. Hogg; D. H. Higbee; M-P K. Bajaj; D. R. Burrage; S. Ruickbie; E. H. Baker; P. W. Jones; J. W. Dodd

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227175

Simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and demonstrates retinal microvascular dilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

G. J. McKay, R. V. McCarter, R. E. Hogg, D. H. Higbee, M-P K. Bajaj, D. R. Burrage, S. Ruickbie, E. H. Baker, P. W. Jones, J. W. Dodd

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

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Abstract

Background

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke but it remains unclear how to identify microvascular changes in this population.

Objectives

We hypothesized that simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and can be used to assess microvascular damage in COPD.

Methods

Novel Vascular Manifestations of COPD was a prospective study comparing smokers with and without COPD, matched for age. Non-mydriatic, retinal fundus photographs were assessed using semi-automated software.

Results

Retinal images from 24 COPD and 22 control participants were compared. Cases were of similar age to controls (65.2 vs. 63.1 years, p = 0.38), had significantly lower Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (53.4 vs 100.1% predicted; p < 0.001) and smoked more than controls (41.7 vs. 29.6 pack years; p = 0.04). COPD participants had wider mean arteriolar (155.6 ±15 uM vs. controls [142.2 ± 12 uM]; p = 0.002) and venular diameters (216.8 ±20.7 uM vs. [201.3± 19.1 uM]; p = 0.012). Differences in retinal vessel caliber were independent of confounders, odds ratios (OR) = 1.08 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.02, 1.13; p = 0.007) and OR = 1.05 (CI = 1.01, 1.09; p = 0.011) per uM increase in arteriolar and venular diameter respectively. FEV1 remained significantly associated with retinal vessel dilatation r = -0.39 (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Non-mydriatic retinal imaging is easily facilitated. We found significant arteriole and venous dilation in COPD compared to age-matched smokers without COPD associated with lung function independent of standard cardiovascular risk factors. Retinal microvascular changes are known to be strongly associated with future vascular events and retinal photography offers potential to identify this risk.

Original language	English
Article number	0227175
Number of pages	12
Journal	PLoS ONE
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227175
Publication status	Published - 10 Jan 2020

Research Groups and Themes

Physical and Mental Health
Academic Respiratory Unit

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1371/journal.pone.0227175

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- Bristol Medical School (THS) - Professor of Respiratory Medicine
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McKay, G. J., McCarter, R. V., Hogg, R. E., Higbee, D. H., Bajaj, M.-P. K., Burrage, D. R., Ruickbie, S., Baker, E. H., Jones, P. W., & Dodd, J. W. (2020). Simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and demonstrates retinal microvascular dilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). PLoS ONE, Article 0227175. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227175

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title = "Simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and demonstrates retinal microvascular dilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)",

abstract = "BackgroundChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke but it remains unclear how to identify microvascular changes in this population.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and can be used to assess microvascular damage in COPD.MethodsNovel Vascular Manifestations of COPD was a prospective study comparing smokers with and without COPD, matched for age. Non-mydriatic, retinal fundus photographs were assessed using semi-automated software.ResultsRetinal images from 24 COPD and 22 control participants were compared. Cases were of similar age to controls (65.2 vs. 63.1 years, p = 0.38), had significantly lower Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (53.4 vs 100.1% predicted; p < 0.001) and smoked more than controls (41.7 vs. 29.6 pack years; p = 0.04). COPD participants had wider mean arteriolar (155.6 ±15 uM vs. controls [142.2 ± 12 uM]; p = 0.002) and venular diameters (216.8 ±20.7 uM vs. [201.3± 19.1 uM]; p = 0.012). Differences in retinal vessel caliber were independent of confounders, odds ratios (OR) = 1.08 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.02, 1.13; p = 0.007) and OR = 1.05 (CI = 1.01, 1.09; p = 0.011) per uM increase in arteriolar and venular diameter respectively. FEV1 remained significantly associated with retinal vessel dilatation r = -0.39 (p = 0.02).ConclusionsNon-mydriatic retinal imaging is easily facilitated. We found significant arteriole and venous dilation in COPD compared to age-matched smokers without COPD associated with lung function independent of standard cardiovascular risk factors. Retinal microvascular changes are known to be strongly associated with future vascular events and retinal photography offers potential to identify this risk.",

author = "McKay, {G. J.} and McCarter, {R. V.} and Hogg, {R. E.} and Higbee, {D. H.} and Bajaj, {M-P K.} and Burrage, {D. R.} and S. Ruickbie and Baker, {E. H.} and Jones, {P. W.} and Dodd, {J. W.}",

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doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0227175",

language = "English",

journal = "PLoS ONE",

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T1 - Simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and demonstrates retinal microvascular dilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

AU - McKay, G. J.

AU - McCarter, R. V.

AU - Hogg, R. E.

AU - Higbee, D. H.

AU - Bajaj, M-P K.

AU - Burrage, D. R.

AU - Ruickbie, S.

AU - Baker, E. H.

AU - Jones, P. W.

AU - Dodd, J. W.

PY - 2020/1/10

Y1 - 2020/1/10

N2 - BackgroundChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke but it remains unclear how to identify microvascular changes in this population.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and can be used to assess microvascular damage in COPD.MethodsNovel Vascular Manifestations of COPD was a prospective study comparing smokers with and without COPD, matched for age. Non-mydriatic, retinal fundus photographs were assessed using semi-automated software.ResultsRetinal images from 24 COPD and 22 control participants were compared. Cases were of similar age to controls (65.2 vs. 63.1 years, p = 0.38), had significantly lower Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (53.4 vs 100.1% predicted; p < 0.001) and smoked more than controls (41.7 vs. 29.6 pack years; p = 0.04). COPD participants had wider mean arteriolar (155.6 ±15 uM vs. controls [142.2 ± 12 uM]; p = 0.002) and venular diameters (216.8 ±20.7 uM vs. [201.3± 19.1 uM]; p = 0.012). Differences in retinal vessel caliber were independent of confounders, odds ratios (OR) = 1.08 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.02, 1.13; p = 0.007) and OR = 1.05 (CI = 1.01, 1.09; p = 0.011) per uM increase in arteriolar and venular diameter respectively. FEV1 remained significantly associated with retinal vessel dilatation r = -0.39 (p = 0.02).ConclusionsNon-mydriatic retinal imaging is easily facilitated. We found significant arteriole and venous dilation in COPD compared to age-matched smokers without COPD associated with lung function independent of standard cardiovascular risk factors. Retinal microvascular changes are known to be strongly associated with future vascular events and retinal photography offers potential to identify this risk.

AB - BackgroundChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke but it remains unclear how to identify microvascular changes in this population.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and can be used to assess microvascular damage in COPD.MethodsNovel Vascular Manifestations of COPD was a prospective study comparing smokers with and without COPD, matched for age. Non-mydriatic, retinal fundus photographs were assessed using semi-automated software.ResultsRetinal images from 24 COPD and 22 control participants were compared. Cases were of similar age to controls (65.2 vs. 63.1 years, p = 0.38), had significantly lower Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (53.4 vs 100.1% predicted; p < 0.001) and smoked more than controls (41.7 vs. 29.6 pack years; p = 0.04). COPD participants had wider mean arteriolar (155.6 ±15 uM vs. controls [142.2 ± 12 uM]; p = 0.002) and venular diameters (216.8 ±20.7 uM vs. [201.3± 19.1 uM]; p = 0.012). Differences in retinal vessel caliber were independent of confounders, odds ratios (OR) = 1.08 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.02, 1.13; p = 0.007) and OR = 1.05 (CI = 1.01, 1.09; p = 0.011) per uM increase in arteriolar and venular diameter respectively. FEV1 remained significantly associated with retinal vessel dilatation r = -0.39 (p = 0.02).ConclusionsNon-mydriatic retinal imaging is easily facilitated. We found significant arteriole and venous dilation in COPD compared to age-matched smokers without COPD associated with lung function independent of standard cardiovascular risk factors. Retinal microvascular changes are known to be strongly associated with future vascular events and retinal photography offers potential to identify this risk.

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0227175

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0227175

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 31923188

SN - 1932-6203

JO - PLoS ONE

JF - PLoS ONE

M1 - 0227175

ER -

Simple non-mydriatic retinal photography is feasible and demonstrates retinal microvascular dilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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