Sleep in adults from the UK during the first few months of the coronavirus outbreak

Juan J. Madrid-Valero; Natalie Bowling; Aikaterini Vafeiadou; Daniel J. Buysse; Michael J. Banissy; Alice M. Gregory

doi:10.1111/jsr.13465

Sleep in adults from the UK during the first few months of the coronavirus outbreak

Juan J. Madrid-Valero^*
, Natalie Bowling
, Aikaterini Vafeiadou
, Daniel J. Buysse
, Michael J. Banissy
, Alice M. Gregory

^*Corresponding author for this work

Bristol Neuroscience

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

120 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak emerged at the end of 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Measures to counter COVID-19, including social distancing and lockdowns, created an unusual situation that had the potential to impact a variety of behaviours, including sleep, which is crucial for health and well-being. Data were obtained through an online survey. The total sample comprised 19,482 participants from the UK. Participants were asked several questions regarding sleep quality and quantity. Each participant completed the questionnaires once during a data collection period spanning January 20 to March 31, 2020. Data provided by different participants during different weeks (spanning time-periods just before COVID-19 was identified in the UK and during the early weeks following its arrival) were compared using analysis of variance tests and regressions. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex and ethnicity revealed significant associations of small magnitude between date of survey completion and sleep quality, sleep latency, number of awakenings and composite score of poor sleep quality. These analyses also indicated small increases in eveningness tendency as the study progressed. There was no change in sleep duration or time spent awake at night. The COVID-19 outbreak did not appear to impact negatively sleep in a substantial manner during the early stages in the UK. The small increases in sleep quality variables (except for time spent awake at night and sleep duration) and eveningness are nonetheless of interest. Further research is needed to understand how best to provide support to those most in need of a good night’s sleep during this unprecedented time.

Original language	English
Article number	e13465
Journal	Journal of Sleep Research
Volume	31
Issue number	2
Early online date	28 Aug 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13465
Publication status	Published - Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
AMG is an advisor for a project originally partially sponsored by Johnson’s Baby. She has written two books (Nodding Off, Bloomsbury Sigma, 2018; The Sleepy Pebble, Flying Eye Books, 2019) and is working on a further project with Lawrence King Publishing. She is a regular contributor to BBC Focus magazine and has contributed to numerous other outlets (such as and ). She has been interviewed by magazines and commercial websites. She has provided a paid talk for business and is occasionally sent trial products from commercial companies (e.g. blue light blocking glasses). She has received grant funding for her research from several bodies. Over the past 3 years, DJB has served as a paid consultant to National Cancer Institute, Pear Therapeutics, Sleep Number, Weight Watchers International, and Idorsia. DJB is an author of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for PTSD (PSQI‐A), Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B‐PSQI), Daytime Insomnia Symptoms Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Diary, Insomnia Symptom Questionnaire, and RU_SATED (copyrights held by University of Pittsburgh). These instruments have been licensed to commercial entities for fees. He is also co‐author of the Consensus Sleep Diary (copyright held by Ryerson University), which is licensed to commercial entities for a fee. He has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the Veteran’s Administration (VA). Over the past 3 years MJB has served as a paid consultant to EVE Sleep and provided talks for business from a range of sectors. He has contributed to several media outlets worldwide, including work on The Touch Test (a science and broadcast collaboration with BBC Radio 4 funded via the Wellcome Collection). He has also received grant funding from several bodies. The Conversation The Guardian

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society

Keywords

chronotype
coronavirus
COVID-19
pandemic
sleep duration
sleep quality

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@article{3f58a83ef7da40b69b3a3f0a87fe3b38,

title = "Sleep in adults from the UK during the first few months of the coronavirus outbreak",

abstract = "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak emerged at the end of 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Measures to counter COVID-19, including social distancing and lockdowns, created an unusual situation that had the potential to impact a variety of behaviours, including sleep, which is crucial for health and well-being. Data were obtained through an online survey. The total sample comprised 19,482 participants from the UK. Participants were asked several questions regarding sleep quality and quantity. Each participant completed the questionnaires once during a data collection period spanning January 20 to March 31, 2020. Data provided by different participants during different weeks (spanning time-periods just before COVID-19 was identified in the UK and during the early weeks following its arrival) were compared using analysis of variance tests and regressions. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex and ethnicity revealed significant associations of small magnitude between date of survey completion and sleep quality, sleep latency, number of awakenings and composite score of poor sleep quality. These analyses also indicated small increases in eveningness tendency as the study progressed. There was no change in sleep duration or time spent awake at night. The COVID-19 outbreak did not appear to impact negatively sleep in a substantial manner during the early stages in the UK. The small increases in sleep quality variables (except for time spent awake at night and sleep duration) and eveningness are nonetheless of interest. Further research is needed to understand how best to provide support to those most in need of a good night{\textquoteright}s sleep during this unprecedented time.",

keywords = "chronotype, coronavirus, COVID-19, pandemic, sleep duration, sleep quality",

author = "Madrid-Valero, \{Juan J.\} and Natalie Bowling and Aikaterini Vafeiadou and Buysse, \{Daniel J.\} and Banissy, \{Michael J.\} and Gregory, \{Alice M.\}",

note = "Funding Information: AMG is an advisor for a project originally partially sponsored by Johnson{\textquoteright}s Baby. She has written two books (Nodding Off, Bloomsbury Sigma, 2018; The Sleepy Pebble, Flying Eye Books, 2019) and is working on a further project with Lawrence King Publishing. She is a regular contributor to BBC Focus magazine and has contributed to numerous other outlets (such as and ). She has been interviewed by magazines and commercial websites. She has provided a paid talk for business and is occasionally sent trial products from commercial companies (e.g. blue light blocking glasses). She has received grant funding for her research from several bodies. Over the past 3 years, DJB has served as a paid consultant to National Cancer Institute, Pear Therapeutics, Sleep Number, Weight Watchers International, and Idorsia. DJB is an author of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for PTSD (PSQI‐A), Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B‐PSQI), Daytime Insomnia Symptoms Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Diary, Insomnia Symptom Questionnaire, and RU\_SATED (copyrights held by University of Pittsburgh). These instruments have been licensed to commercial entities for fees. He is also co‐author of the Consensus Sleep Diary (copyright held by Ryerson University), which is licensed to commercial entities for a fee. He has received grant support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and the Veteran{\textquoteright}s Administration (VA). Over the past 3 years MJB has served as a paid consultant to EVE Sleep and provided talks for business from a range of sectors. He has contributed to several media outlets worldwide, including work on The Touch Test (a science and broadcast collaboration with BBC Radio 4 funded via the Wellcome Collection). He has also received grant funding from several bodies. The Conversation The Guardian Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Journal of Sleep Research published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd on behalf of European Sleep Research Society",

year = "2022",

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N2 - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak emerged at the end of 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Measures to counter COVID-19, including social distancing and lockdowns, created an unusual situation that had the potential to impact a variety of behaviours, including sleep, which is crucial for health and well-being. Data were obtained through an online survey. The total sample comprised 19,482 participants from the UK. Participants were asked several questions regarding sleep quality and quantity. Each participant completed the questionnaires once during a data collection period spanning January 20 to March 31, 2020. Data provided by different participants during different weeks (spanning time-periods just before COVID-19 was identified in the UK and during the early weeks following its arrival) were compared using analysis of variance tests and regressions. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex and ethnicity revealed significant associations of small magnitude between date of survey completion and sleep quality, sleep latency, number of awakenings and composite score of poor sleep quality. These analyses also indicated small increases in eveningness tendency as the study progressed. There was no change in sleep duration or time spent awake at night. The COVID-19 outbreak did not appear to impact negatively sleep in a substantial manner during the early stages in the UK. The small increases in sleep quality variables (except for time spent awake at night and sleep duration) and eveningness are nonetheless of interest. Further research is needed to understand how best to provide support to those most in need of a good night’s sleep during this unprecedented time.

AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak emerged at the end of 2019 and quickly spread around the world. Measures to counter COVID-19, including social distancing and lockdowns, created an unusual situation that had the potential to impact a variety of behaviours, including sleep, which is crucial for health and well-being. Data were obtained through an online survey. The total sample comprised 19,482 participants from the UK. Participants were asked several questions regarding sleep quality and quantity. Each participant completed the questionnaires once during a data collection period spanning January 20 to March 31, 2020. Data provided by different participants during different weeks (spanning time-periods just before COVID-19 was identified in the UK and during the early weeks following its arrival) were compared using analysis of variance tests and regressions. Regression analyses controlling for age, sex and ethnicity revealed significant associations of small magnitude between date of survey completion and sleep quality, sleep latency, number of awakenings and composite score of poor sleep quality. These analyses also indicated small increases in eveningness tendency as the study progressed. There was no change in sleep duration or time spent awake at night. The COVID-19 outbreak did not appear to impact negatively sleep in a substantial manner during the early stages in the UK. The small increases in sleep quality variables (except for time spent awake at night and sleep duration) and eveningness are nonetheless of interest. Further research is needed to understand how best to provide support to those most in need of a good night’s sleep during this unprecedented time.

KW - chronotype

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VL - 31

JO - Journal of Sleep Research

JF - Journal of Sleep Research

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ER -

Sleep in adults from the UK during the first few months of the coronavirus outbreak

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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