Social wasps as models to study the major evolutionary transition to superorganismality

The major evolutionary transition to superorganismality has taken place several times in the insects. Although there has been much consideration of the ultimate evolutionary explanations for superorganismality, we know relatively little about what proximate mechanisms constrain or promote this major transition. Here, we propose that Vespid wasps represent an understudied, but potentially very useful, model system for studying the mechanisms underpinning superorganismality. We highlight how there is an abundance of behavioural data for many wasp species, confirming their utility in studies of social evolution; however, there is a sparsity of genomic data from which we can test proximate and ultimate hypotheses on this major evolutionary transition.