Space-time circuit-to-Hamiltonian construction and its applications

The circuit-to-Hamiltonian construction translates dynamics (a quantum circuit and its output) into statics (the groundstate of a circuit Hamiltonian) by explicitly defining a quantum register for a clock. The standard Feynman-Kitaev construction uses one global clock for all qubits while we consider a different construction in which a clock is assigned to each interacting qubit. This makes it possible to capture the spatio-temporal structure of the original quantum circuit into features of the circuit Hamiltonian. The construction is inspired by the original two-dimensional interacting fermion model in Mizel etal (2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 040302). We prove that for one-dimensional quantum circuits the gap of the circuit Hamiltonian is appropriately lowerbounded so that the applications of this construction for quantum Merlin-Arthur (and partially for quantum adiabatic computation) go through. For one-dimensional quantum circuits, the dynamics generated by the circuit Hamiltonian corresponds to the diffusion of a string around the torus.