Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects

Ethan Wologo; Sarah Shakil; Scott Zolkos; Sadie Textor; Stephanie Ewing; Jane Klassen; Robert G.M. Spencer; David C. Podgorski; Suzanne E. Tank; Michelle A. Baker; Jonathan A. O'Donnell; Kimberly P. Wickland; Sydney S.W. Foks; Jay P. Zarnetske; Joseph Lee-Cullin; Futing Liu; Yuanhe Yang; Pirkko Kortelainen; Jaana Kolehmainen; Joshua F. Dean; Jorien E. Vonk; Robert M. Holmes; Gilles Pinay; Michaela M. Powell; Jansen Howe; Rebecca J. Frei; Samuel P. Bratsman; Benjamin W. Abbott

doi:10.1029/2020GB006719

Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects

Ethan Wologo
, Sarah Shakil
, Scott Zolkos
, Sadie Textor
, Stephanie Ewing^*
, Jane Klassen
, Robert G.M. Spencer
, David C. Podgorski
, Suzanne E. Tank
, Michelle A. Baker
, Jonathan A. O'Donnell
, Kimberly P. Wickland
, Sydney S.W. Foks
, Jay P. Zarnetske
, Joseph Lee-Cullin
, Futing Liu
, Yuanhe Yang
, Pirkko Kortelainen
, Jaana Kolehmainen
, Joshua F. Dean

Jorien E. Vonk, Robert M. Holmes, Gilles Pinay, Michaela M. Powell, Jansen Howe, Rebecca J. Frei, Samuel P. Bratsman, Benjamin W. Abbott^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Geographical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Permafrost degradation is delivering bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to surface water networks. While these permafrost subsidies represent a small portion of total fluvial DOM and nutrient fluxes, they could influence food webs and net ecosystem carbon balance via priming or nutrient effects that destabilize background DOM. We investigated how addition of biolabile carbon (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) affected DOM decomposition with 28-day incubations. We incubated late-summer stream water from 23 locations nested in seven northern or high-altitude regions in Asia, Europe, and North America. DOM loss ranged from 3% to 52%, showing a variety of longitudinal patterns within stream networks. DOM optical properties varied widely, but DOM showed compositional similarity based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis. Addition of acetate and nutrients decreased bulk DOM mineralization (i.e., negative priming), with more negative effects on biodegradable DOM but neutral or positive effects on stable DOM. Unexpectedly, acetate and nutrients triggered breakdown of colored DOM (CDOM), with median decreases of 1.6% in the control and 22% in the amended treatment. Additionally, the uptake of added acetate was strongly limited by nutrient availability across sites. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM and nutrients released from degrading permafrost may decrease background DOM mineralization but alter stoichiometry and light conditions in receiving waterbodies. We conclude that priming and nutrient effects are coupled in northern aquatic ecosystems and that quantifying two-way interactions between DOM properties and environmental conditions could resolve conflicting observations about the drivers of DOM in permafrost zone waterways.

Original language	English
Article number	e2020GB006719
Number of pages	25
Journal	Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Volume	35
Issue number	1
Early online date	18 Nov 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006719
Publication status	Published - 11 Jan 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
E. W. and S. A. E. acknowledge funding from the Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project number MONB00389) and the National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska and Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs), as well as the MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship. B. W. A., J. P. Z., and J. L. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF awards: 1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, and 1916565). J. F. D. and J. E. V. acknowledge funding from the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW; grant number 024.002.001). S. S., S. Z., and S. E. T. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. M. A. B. recognizes partial NSF support from award numbers 1208732 and 1754216. R. G. M. S and S. R. T. acknowledge funding from NSF (award number 1464392); R. G. M. S., S. R. T., K. P. W., and S. S. W. F. acknowledge funding from the NASA-ABoVE Project 14-14TE-0012 (NNX15AU07A) and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; J. O. was supported by funding from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program. FT-ICR MS performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all people in the NHMFL ICR Program who work selflessly to facilitate data acquisition and processing for users of the facility. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Awards P20GM103474, U54GM115371, and 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes Health.

Funding Information:
E. W. and S. A. E. acknowledge funding from the Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project number MONB00389) and the National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska and Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs), as well as the MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship. B. W. A., J. P. Z., and J. L. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF awards: 1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, and 1916565). J. F. D. and J. E. V. acknowledge funding from the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW; grant number 024.002.001). S. S., S. Z., and S. E. T. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. M. A. B. recognizes partial NSF support from award numbers 1208732 and 1754216. R. G. M. S and S. R. T. acknowledge funding from NSF (award number 1464392); R. G. M. S., S. R. T., K. P. W., and S. S. W. F. acknowledge funding from the NASA‐ABoVE Project 14‐14TE‐0012 (NNX15AU07A) and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; J. O. was supported by funding from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program. FT‐ICR MS performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR‐1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all people in the NHMFL ICR Program who work selflessly to facilitate data acquisition and processing for users of the facility. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Awards P20GM103474, U54GM115371, and 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes Health.

Publisher Copyright:
©2020. The Authors.

Keywords

carbon cycling
cryosphere and high-latitude processes
nutrients and nutrient cycling
permafrost
rivers
thermokarst

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Wologo, E., Shakil, S., Zolkos, S., Textor, S., Ewing, S., Klassen, J., Spencer, R. G. M., Podgorski, D. C., Tank, S. E., Baker, M. A., O'Donnell, J. A., Wickland, K. P., Foks, S. S. W., Zarnetske, J. P., Lee-Cullin, J., Liu, F., Yang, Y., Kortelainen, P., Kolehmainen, J., ... Abbott, B. W. (2021). Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 35(1), Article e2020GB006719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006719

@article{0a7b42d84b074fd1917102d97c3de481,

title = "Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects",

abstract = "Permafrost degradation is delivering bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to surface water networks. While these permafrost subsidies represent a small portion of total fluvial DOM and nutrient fluxes, they could influence food webs and net ecosystem carbon balance via priming or nutrient effects that destabilize background DOM. We investigated how addition of biolabile carbon (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) affected DOM decomposition with 28-day incubations. We incubated late-summer stream water from 23 locations nested in seven northern or high-altitude regions in Asia, Europe, and North America. DOM loss ranged from 3\% to 52\%, showing a variety of longitudinal patterns within stream networks. DOM optical properties varied widely, but DOM showed compositional similarity based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis. Addition of acetate and nutrients decreased bulk DOM mineralization (i.e., negative priming), with more negative effects on biodegradable DOM but neutral or positive effects on stable DOM. Unexpectedly, acetate and nutrients triggered breakdown of colored DOM (CDOM), with median decreases of 1.6\% in the control and 22\% in the amended treatment. Additionally, the uptake of added acetate was strongly limited by nutrient availability across sites. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM and nutrients released from degrading permafrost may decrease background DOM mineralization but alter stoichiometry and light conditions in receiving waterbodies. We conclude that priming and nutrient effects are coupled in northern aquatic ecosystems and that quantifying two-way interactions between DOM properties and environmental conditions could resolve conflicting observations about the drivers of DOM in permafrost zone waterways.",

keywords = "carbon cycling, cryosphere and high-latitude processes, nutrients and nutrient cycling, permafrost, rivers, thermokarst",

author = "Ethan Wologo and Sarah Shakil and Scott Zolkos and Sadie Textor and Stephanie Ewing and Jane Klassen and Spencer, \{Robert G.M.\} and Podgorski, \{David C.\} and Tank, \{Suzanne E.\} and Baker, \{Michelle A.\} and O'Donnell, \{Jonathan A.\} and Wickland, \{Kimberly P.\} and Foks, \{Sydney S.W.\} and Zarnetske, \{Jay P.\} and Joseph Lee-Cullin and Futing Liu and Yuanhe Yang and Pirkko Kortelainen and Jaana Kolehmainen and Dean, \{Joshua F.\} and Vonk, \{Jorien E.\} and Holmes, \{Robert M.\} and Gilles Pinay and Powell, \{Michaela M.\} and Jansen Howe and Frei, \{Rebecca J.\} and Bratsman, \{Samuel P.\} and Abbott, \{Benjamin W.\}",

note = "Funding Information: E. W. and S. A. E. acknowledge funding from the Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project number MONB00389) and the National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska and Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs), as well as the MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship. B. W. A., J. P. Z., and J. L. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF awards: 1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, and 1916565). J. F. D. and J. E. V. acknowledge funding from the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW; grant number 024.002.001). S. S., S. Z., and S. E. T. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. M. A. B. recognizes partial NSF support from award numbers 1208732 and 1754216. R. G. M. S and S. R. T. acknowledge funding from NSF (award number 1464392); R. G. M. S., S. R. T., K. P. W., and S. S. W. F. acknowledge funding from the NASA-ABoVE Project 14-14TE-0012 (NNX15AU07A) and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; J. O. was supported by funding from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program. FT-ICR MS performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all people in the NHMFL ICR Program who work selflessly to facilitate data acquisition and processing for users of the facility. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Awards P20GM103474, U54GM115371, and 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes Health. Funding Information: E. W. and S. A. E. acknowledge funding from the Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project number MONB00389) and the National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska and Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs), as well as the MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship. B. W. A., J. P. Z., and J. L. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF awards: 1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, and 1916565). J. F. D. and J. E. V. acknowledge funding from the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW; grant number 024.002.001). S. S., S. Z., and S. E. T. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. M. A. B. recognizes partial NSF support from award numbers 1208732 and 1754216. R. G. M. S and S. R. T. acknowledge funding from NSF (award number 1464392); R. G. M. S., S. R. T., K. P. W., and S. S. W. F. acknowledge funding from the NASA‐ABoVE Project 14‐14TE‐0012 (NNX15AU07A) and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; J. O. was supported by funding from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program. FT‐ICR MS performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR‐1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all people in the NHMFL ICR Program who work selflessly to facilitate data acquisition and processing for users of the facility. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Awards P20GM103474, U54GM115371, and 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2020. The Authors.",

year = "2021",

month = jan,

day = "11",

doi = "10.1029/2020GB006719",

language = "English",

volume = "35",

journal = "Global Biogeochemical Cycles",

issn = "0886-6236",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "1",

}

Wologo, E, Shakil, S, Zolkos, S, Textor, S, Ewing, S, Klassen, J, Spencer, RGM, Podgorski, DC, Tank, SE, Baker, MA, O'Donnell, JA, Wickland, KP, Foks, SSW, Zarnetske, JP, Lee-Cullin, J, Liu, F, Yang, Y, Kortelainen, P, Kolehmainen, J, Dean, JF, Vonk, JE, Holmes, RM, Pinay, G, Powell, MM, Howe, J, Frei, RJ, Bratsman, SP & Abbott, BW 2021, 'Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects', Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 35, no. 1, e2020GB006719. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006719

TY - JOUR

T1 - Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects

AU - Wologo, Ethan

AU - Shakil, Sarah

AU - Zolkos, Scott

AU - Textor, Sadie

AU - Ewing, Stephanie

AU - Klassen, Jane

AU - Spencer, Robert G.M.

AU - Podgorski, David C.

AU - Tank, Suzanne E.

AU - Baker, Michelle A.

AU - O'Donnell, Jonathan A.

AU - Wickland, Kimberly P.

AU - Foks, Sydney S.W.

AU - Zarnetske, Jay P.

AU - Lee-Cullin, Joseph

AU - Liu, Futing

AU - Yang, Yuanhe

AU - Kortelainen, Pirkko

AU - Kolehmainen, Jaana

AU - Dean, Joshua F.

AU - Vonk, Jorien E.

AU - Holmes, Robert M.

AU - Pinay, Gilles

AU - Powell, Michaela M.

AU - Howe, Jansen

AU - Frei, Rebecca J.

AU - Bratsman, Samuel P.

AU - Abbott, Benjamin W.

N1 - Funding Information: E. W. and S. A. E. acknowledge funding from the Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project number MONB00389) and the National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska and Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs), as well as the MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship. B. W. A., J. P. Z., and J. L. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF awards: 1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, and 1916565). J. F. D. and J. E. V. acknowledge funding from the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW; grant number 024.002.001). S. S., S. Z., and S. E. T. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. M. A. B. recognizes partial NSF support from award numbers 1208732 and 1754216. R. G. M. S and S. R. T. acknowledge funding from NSF (award number 1464392); R. G. M. S., S. R. T., K. P. W., and S. S. W. F. acknowledge funding from the NASA-ABoVE Project 14-14TE-0012 (NNX15AU07A) and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; J. O. was supported by funding from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program. FT-ICR MS performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all people in the NHMFL ICR Program who work selflessly to facilitate data acquisition and processing for users of the facility. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Awards P20GM103474, U54GM115371, and 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes Health. Funding Information: E. W. and S. A. E. acknowledge funding from the Montana Agricultural Experimental Station (MAES project number MONB00389) and the National Park Service via the Northwest Alaska and Rocky Mountain Cooperative Ecosystem Study Units (CESUs), as well as the MSU Bayard Taylor Fellowship. B. W. A., J. P. Z., and J. L. C. acknowledge support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF awards: 1446328, 1846855, 1637459, 1916567, and 1916565). J. F. D. and J. E. V. acknowledge funding from the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW; grant number 024.002.001). S. S., S. Z., and S. E. T. acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Polar Continental Shelf Program, the University of Alberta Northern Research Awards Program, and the Northern Scientific Training Program. M. A. B. recognizes partial NSF support from award numbers 1208732 and 1754216. R. G. M. S and S. R. T. acknowledge funding from NSF (award number 1464392); R. G. M. S., S. R. T., K. P. W., and S. S. W. F. acknowledge funding from the NASA‐ABoVE Project 14‐14TE‐0012 (NNX15AU07A) and the USGS Biological Carbon Sequestration Program; J. O. was supported by funding from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring program and the USGS Changing Arctic Ecosystems program. FT‐ICR MS performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory ICR User Facility, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Chemistry through DMR‐1644779 and the State of Florida. The authors thank all people in the NHMFL ICR Program who work selflessly to facilitate data acquisition and processing for users of the facility. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by Institutional Development Awards (IDeA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Awards P20GM103474, U54GM115371, and 5P20GM104417. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes Health. Publisher Copyright: ©2020. The Authors.

PY - 2021/1/11

Y1 - 2021/1/11

N2 - Permafrost degradation is delivering bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to surface water networks. While these permafrost subsidies represent a small portion of total fluvial DOM and nutrient fluxes, they could influence food webs and net ecosystem carbon balance via priming or nutrient effects that destabilize background DOM. We investigated how addition of biolabile carbon (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) affected DOM decomposition with 28-day incubations. We incubated late-summer stream water from 23 locations nested in seven northern or high-altitude regions in Asia, Europe, and North America. DOM loss ranged from 3% to 52%, showing a variety of longitudinal patterns within stream networks. DOM optical properties varied widely, but DOM showed compositional similarity based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis. Addition of acetate and nutrients decreased bulk DOM mineralization (i.e., negative priming), with more negative effects on biodegradable DOM but neutral or positive effects on stable DOM. Unexpectedly, acetate and nutrients triggered breakdown of colored DOM (CDOM), with median decreases of 1.6% in the control and 22% in the amended treatment. Additionally, the uptake of added acetate was strongly limited by nutrient availability across sites. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM and nutrients released from degrading permafrost may decrease background DOM mineralization but alter stoichiometry and light conditions in receiving waterbodies. We conclude that priming and nutrient effects are coupled in northern aquatic ecosystems and that quantifying two-way interactions between DOM properties and environmental conditions could resolve conflicting observations about the drivers of DOM in permafrost zone waterways.

AB - Permafrost degradation is delivering bioavailable dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic nutrients to surface water networks. While these permafrost subsidies represent a small portion of total fluvial DOM and nutrient fluxes, they could influence food webs and net ecosystem carbon balance via priming or nutrient effects that destabilize background DOM. We investigated how addition of biolabile carbon (acetate) and inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) affected DOM decomposition with 28-day incubations. We incubated late-summer stream water from 23 locations nested in seven northern or high-altitude regions in Asia, Europe, and North America. DOM loss ranged from 3% to 52%, showing a variety of longitudinal patterns within stream networks. DOM optical properties varied widely, but DOM showed compositional similarity based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis. Addition of acetate and nutrients decreased bulk DOM mineralization (i.e., negative priming), with more negative effects on biodegradable DOM but neutral or positive effects on stable DOM. Unexpectedly, acetate and nutrients triggered breakdown of colored DOM (CDOM), with median decreases of 1.6% in the control and 22% in the amended treatment. Additionally, the uptake of added acetate was strongly limited by nutrient availability across sites. These findings suggest that biolabile DOM and nutrients released from degrading permafrost may decrease background DOM mineralization but alter stoichiometry and light conditions in receiving waterbodies. We conclude that priming and nutrient effects are coupled in northern aquatic ecosystems and that quantifying two-way interactions between DOM properties and environmental conditions could resolve conflicting observations about the drivers of DOM in permafrost zone waterways.

KW - carbon cycling

KW - cryosphere and high-latitude processes

KW - nutrients and nutrient cycling

KW - permafrost

KW - rivers

KW - thermokarst

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85099928620

U2 - 10.1029/2020GB006719

DO - 10.1029/2020GB006719

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 33519064

AN - SCOPUS:85099928620

SN - 0886-6236

VL - 35

JO - Global Biogeochemical Cycles

JF - Global Biogeochemical Cycles

IS - 1

M1 - e2020GB006719

ER -

Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects

Abstract

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