The association of alcohol dependence and consumption during adolescence with depression in young adulthood, in England: a prospective cohort study

Gemma L Hammerton; Gemma Lewis; Jon E Heron; Gwen Sascha Fernandes; Matt  Hickman; Glyn Lewis

doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00138-4

The association of alcohol dependence and consumption during adolescence with depression in young adulthood, in England: a prospective cohort study

Gemma L Hammerton
, Gemma Lewis^*
, Jon E Heron
, Gwen Sascha Fernandes
, Matt Hickman
, Glyn Lewis

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background
The role of alcohol use in the development of depression is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether alcohol dependence, but not high frequency or quantity of consumption, during adolescence increased the risk of depression in young adulthood.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we included adolescents who were born to women recruited to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in Avon, UK, with delivery dates between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Alcohol dependence and consumption were measured at about age 16 years, 18 years, 19 years, 21 years, and 23 years using the self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and at about age 18 years, 21 years, and 23 years using items corresponding to DSM-IV symptoms. The primary outcome was depression at age 24 years, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised. Analyses were probit regressions between growth factors for alcohol dependence and consumption and depression, before and after adjustments for confounders: sex, housing tenure, maternal education, maternal depressive symptoms, parents' alcohol use, conduct problems at age 4 years, being bullied from age 12–16 years, and frequency of smoking cigarettes or cannabis. Adolescents were included in analyses if they had data from at least one timepoint for alcohol use and confounders.

Findings
We included 3902 adolescents (2264 [58·0%] female; 1638 [42·0%] male) in our analysis, and 3727 (96·7%) of 3853 participants with data on ethnicity were White. After adjustments, we found a positive association between alcohol dependence at 18 years of age (latent intercept) and depression at 24 years of age (probit coefficient 0·13 [95% CI 0·02 to 0·25]; p=0·019), but no association between rate of change (linear slope) and depression (0·10 [–0·82 to 1·01]; p=0·84). There was no evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and depression (latent intercept probit coefficient –0·01 [–0·06 to 0·03]; p=0·60; linear slope 0·01 [–0·40 to 0·42]; p=0·96) after adjustments.

Interpretation
Psychosocial or behavioural interventions that reduce the risk of alcohol dependence during adolescence could contribute to preventing depression in young adulthood.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	490-498
Number of pages	9
Journal	Lancet Psychiatry
Volume	10
Issue number	7
Early online date	1 Jun 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00138-4
Publication status	Published - 9 Jul 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information: The work was undertaken with the support to GlL and MH of the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and Alcohol Research UK (grant number MR/L022206/1). We also acknowledge support from the Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence (joint funding [grant number MR/KO232331/1 to MH]; the British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK; the Economic and Social Research Council; the Welsh Government; and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration); support to GlL from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School of Public Health Research and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation. GH is supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (grant number 209138/Z/17/Z). GH and JH are members of the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (MC_UU_00011/7). GeL is supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (grant number 223248/Z/21/Z). The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust (grant number 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. GlL and GeL acknowledge support from the UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. A comprehensive list of grant funding is available on the ALSPAC website. This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [209138/Z/ 17/Z; 223248/Z/21/Z].

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Research Groups and Themes

ALSPAC

Access to Document

10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00138-4Licence: CC BY

Handle.net

Persistent link

Cite this

@article{6a27fcb8cfa2462e94221eb7813c189c,

title = "The association of alcohol dependence and consumption during adolescence with depression in young adulthood, in England: a prospective cohort study",

abstract = "Background The role of alcohol use in the development of depression is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether alcohol dependence, but not high frequency or quantity of consumption, during adolescence increased the risk of depression in young adulthood. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included adolescents who were born to women recruited to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in Avon, UK, with delivery dates between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Alcohol dependence and consumption were measured at about age 16 years, 18 years, 19 years, 21 years, and 23 years using the self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and at about age 18 years, 21 years, and 23 years using items corresponding to DSM-IV symptoms. The primary outcome was depression at age 24 years, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised. Analyses were probit regressions between growth factors for alcohol dependence and consumption and depression, before and after adjustments for confounders: sex, housing tenure, maternal education, maternal depressive symptoms, parents' alcohol use, conduct problems at age 4 years, being bullied from age 12–16 years, and frequency of smoking cigarettes or cannabis. Adolescents were included in analyses if they had data from at least one timepoint for alcohol use and confounders. Findings We included 3902 adolescents (2264 [58·0\%] female; 1638 [42·0\%] male) in our analysis, and 3727 (96·7\%) of 3853 participants with data on ethnicity were White. After adjustments, we found a positive association between alcohol dependence at 18 years of age (latent intercept) and depression at 24 years of age (probit coefficient 0·13 [95\% CI 0·02 to 0·25]; p=0·019), but no association between rate of change (linear slope) and depression (0·10 [–0·82 to 1·01]; p=0·84). There was no evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and depression (latent intercept probit coefficient –0·01 [–0·06 to 0·03]; p=0·60; linear slope 0·01 [–0·40 to 0·42]; p=0·96) after adjustments. Interpretation Psychosocial or behavioural interventions that reduce the risk of alcohol dependence during adolescence could contribute to preventing depression in young adulthood.",

author = "Hammerton, \{Gemma L\} and Gemma Lewis and Heron, \{Jon E\} and Fernandes, \{Gwen Sascha\} and Matt Hickman and Glyn Lewis",

note = "Funding Information: The work was undertaken with the support to GlL and MH of the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and Alcohol Research UK (grant number MR/L022206/1). We also acknowledge support from the Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence (joint funding [grant number MR/KO232331/1 to MH]; the British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK; the Economic and Social Research Council; the Welsh Government; and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration); support to GlL from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School of Public Health Research and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation. GH is supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (grant number 209138/Z/17/Z). GH and JH are members of the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (MC\_UU\_00011/7). GeL is supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (grant number 223248/Z/21/Z). The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust (grant number 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. GlL and GeL acknowledge support from the UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. A comprehensive list of grant funding is available on the ALSPAC website. This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [209138/Z/ 17/Z; 223248/Z/21/Z]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license",

year = "2023",

month = jul,

day = "9",

doi = "10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00138-4",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

pages = "490--498",

journal = "Lancet Psychiatry",

issn = "2215-0366",

publisher = "Elsevier Limited",

number = "7",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The association of alcohol dependence and consumption during adolescence with depression in young adulthood, in England

T2 - a prospective cohort study

AU - Hammerton, Gemma L

AU - Lewis, Gemma

AU - Heron, Jon E

AU - Fernandes, Gwen Sascha

AU - Hickman, Matt

AU - Lewis, Glyn

N1 - Funding Information: The work was undertaken with the support to GlL and MH of the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and Alcohol Research UK (grant number MR/L022206/1). We also acknowledge support from the Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement, a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence (joint funding [grant number MR/KO232331/1 to MH]; the British Heart Foundation; Cancer Research UK; the Economic and Social Research Council; the Welsh Government; and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration); support to GlL from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) School of Public Health Research and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation. GH is supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (grant number 209138/Z/17/Z). GH and JH are members of the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (MC_UU_00011/7). GeL is supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (grant number 223248/Z/21/Z). The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust (grant number 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. GlL and GeL acknowledge support from the UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. A comprehensive list of grant funding is available on the ALSPAC website. This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [209138/Z/ 17/Z; 223248/Z/21/Z]. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

PY - 2023/7/9

Y1 - 2023/7/9

N2 - Background The role of alcohol use in the development of depression is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether alcohol dependence, but not high frequency or quantity of consumption, during adolescence increased the risk of depression in young adulthood. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included adolescents who were born to women recruited to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in Avon, UK, with delivery dates between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Alcohol dependence and consumption were measured at about age 16 years, 18 years, 19 years, 21 years, and 23 years using the self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and at about age 18 years, 21 years, and 23 years using items corresponding to DSM-IV symptoms. The primary outcome was depression at age 24 years, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised. Analyses were probit regressions between growth factors for alcohol dependence and consumption and depression, before and after adjustments for confounders: sex, housing tenure, maternal education, maternal depressive symptoms, parents' alcohol use, conduct problems at age 4 years, being bullied from age 12–16 years, and frequency of smoking cigarettes or cannabis. Adolescents were included in analyses if they had data from at least one timepoint for alcohol use and confounders. Findings We included 3902 adolescents (2264 [58·0%] female; 1638 [42·0%] male) in our analysis, and 3727 (96·7%) of 3853 participants with data on ethnicity were White. After adjustments, we found a positive association between alcohol dependence at 18 years of age (latent intercept) and depression at 24 years of age (probit coefficient 0·13 [95% CI 0·02 to 0·25]; p=0·019), but no association between rate of change (linear slope) and depression (0·10 [–0·82 to 1·01]; p=0·84). There was no evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and depression (latent intercept probit coefficient –0·01 [–0·06 to 0·03]; p=0·60; linear slope 0·01 [–0·40 to 0·42]; p=0·96) after adjustments. Interpretation Psychosocial or behavioural interventions that reduce the risk of alcohol dependence during adolescence could contribute to preventing depression in young adulthood.

AB - Background The role of alcohol use in the development of depression is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether alcohol dependence, but not high frequency or quantity of consumption, during adolescence increased the risk of depression in young adulthood. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included adolescents who were born to women recruited to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in Avon, UK, with delivery dates between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Alcohol dependence and consumption were measured at about age 16 years, 18 years, 19 years, 21 years, and 23 years using the self-reported Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and at about age 18 years, 21 years, and 23 years using items corresponding to DSM-IV symptoms. The primary outcome was depression at age 24 years, assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised. Analyses were probit regressions between growth factors for alcohol dependence and consumption and depression, before and after adjustments for confounders: sex, housing tenure, maternal education, maternal depressive symptoms, parents' alcohol use, conduct problems at age 4 years, being bullied from age 12–16 years, and frequency of smoking cigarettes or cannabis. Adolescents were included in analyses if they had data from at least one timepoint for alcohol use and confounders. Findings We included 3902 adolescents (2264 [58·0%] female; 1638 [42·0%] male) in our analysis, and 3727 (96·7%) of 3853 participants with data on ethnicity were White. After adjustments, we found a positive association between alcohol dependence at 18 years of age (latent intercept) and depression at 24 years of age (probit coefficient 0·13 [95% CI 0·02 to 0·25]; p=0·019), but no association between rate of change (linear slope) and depression (0·10 [–0·82 to 1·01]; p=0·84). There was no evidence of an association between alcohol consumption and depression (latent intercept probit coefficient –0·01 [–0·06 to 0·03]; p=0·60; linear slope 0·01 [–0·40 to 0·42]; p=0·96) after adjustments. Interpretation Psychosocial or behavioural interventions that reduce the risk of alcohol dependence during adolescence could contribute to preventing depression in young adulthood.

U2 - 10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00138-4

DO - 10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00138-4

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

C2 - 37271164

SN - 2215-0366

VL - 10

SP - 490

EP - 498

JO - Lancet Psychiatry

JF - Lancet Psychiatry

IS - 7

ER -

The association of alcohol dependence and consumption during adolescence with depression in young adulthood, in England: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Research Groups and Themes

Access to Document

Handle.net

Fingerprint

Cite this