Abstract
It is widely accepted that alterations to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the abundance of its enzymatic product prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) have key roles in influencing the development of colorectal cancer. Deregulation of the COX-2/PGE(2) pathway appears to affect colorectal tumorigenesis via a number of distinct mechanisms: promoting tumour maintenance and progression, encouraging metastatic spread, and perhaps even participating in tumour initiation. Here, we review the role of COX-2/PGE(2) signalling in colorectal tumorigenesis and highlight its ability to influence the hallmarks of cancer - attributes defined by Hanahan and Weinberg as being requisite for tumorigenesis. In addition, we consider components of the cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin pathway emerging as important regulators of tumorigenesis; namely, the prostanoid (EP) receptors, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) and the prostaglandin transporter (PGT). Finally, based on recent findings we propose a model for the cellular adaptation to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment that encompasses the interplay between COX-2, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and dynamic switches in beta-catenin function that fine-tune signalling networks to meet the ever-changing demands of a tumour.
Translated title of the contribution | The COX-2/PGE2 pathway: Key roles in the hallmarks of cancer and adaptation to the tumour microenvironment |
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Original language | English |
Pages (from-to) | 377 - 386 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Carcinogenesis |
Volume | 30 |
Publication status | Published - Jan 2009 |
Bibliographical note
Author of Publication Reviewed: Greenhough A, Smartt HJ, Moore AE, Roberts HR, Williams AC, Paraskeva C, Kaidi AOther identifier: PMID: 19136477