The dissemination of industry 4.0 across global value chains: An international business perspective

Although the concept of Industry 4.0 is still in its infancy, the ramifications of this emerging technology are beginning to be felt across various industries. This chapter deals with the application of new technology, such as the internet of things (IoT), big data and analytics, robotic systems, and additive manufacturing, in global value chains (GVCs). Secondary sources about Industry 4.0 are explored in order to compare new technologies and understand how they could impact manufacturers, companies, and consumers. The effects of digital technologies on location and coordination of work, as well as the capture of value in global value chains, are also discussed in this chapter. In particular, the chapter highlights the risks of cyberattacks and their consequences for individuals' privacy, calling for regulation in international and remote work contexts.