The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Sophie A V Chambi-Trowell; Michael Benton; Emily J Rayfield

doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.1976292

The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Sophie A V Chambi-Trowell, Michael Benton, Emily J Rayfield

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

114 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Rhynchocephalians are a group of lizard-like diapsid reptiles that were very diverse during the Mesozoic but are now restricted to a single extant genus in New Zealand. Recent cladistic analyses have revealed two major clades, Eusphenodontia and the more crownward Neosphenodontia, but relationships of individual taxa have remained difficult to determine because of missing data and an unrevised data matrix. Here we drastically revise the established data matrix on rhynchocephalians by reassessing, evaluating, and adding new characters and operational taxonomic units, differing from any previous analyses in our goal to consider all known rhynchocephalians. In addition, we describe a new genus and species of an early eusphenodontian taxon from the Norian of southern Brazil, with a unique mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits, and we re-examine the craniodental anatomy of the eusphenodontian Clevosaurus brasiliensis with mCT imaging, revealing a unique form of acrodonty amongst rhynchocephalians.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	787-820
Number of pages	34
Journal	Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
Volume	19
Issue number	11
Early online date	1 Nov 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1976292
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 1 Nov 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was funded by NERC (Natural Environment Research Council)10.13039/501100000270 grant NE/K01496X/1 to EJR and PGG. AGM would especially like to thank the Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professorship of the University of Bristol, UFRGS Paleovertebrate team, and CONICET-Argentina, CLS was beneficiated by grant CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307711/2017-0) and FAPERGS10.13039/501100004263 (19/2551-0000719-1), and MBS by CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307938/2019-0) and FAPERJ10.13039/501100004586 (E-26/010/002540/2019). We would also like to thank Tom Davies and Liz Martin-Silverstone at the University of Bristol for the CT scans and Davide Foffa for providing us with the opportunity to examine the CT scans of Brachyrhinodon. Finally, we acknowledge the Tratman Scholarship for funding SAVC-T’s PhD. Photographs of the specimens were skilfully taken by Luiz Flavio Lopes (UFRGS). We thank Gabriela Sobral and an anonymous referee, as well as the editors, for their very thorough and helpful comments.

Funding Information:
This work was funded by NERC (Natural Environment Research Council)10.13039/501100000270 grant NE/K01496X/1 to EJR and PGG. AGM would especially like to thank the Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professorship of the University of Bristol, UFRGS Paleovertebrate team, and CONICET-Argentina, CLS was beneficiated by grant CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307711/2017-0) and FAPERGS10.13039/501100004263 (19/2551-0000719-1), and MBS by CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307938/2019-0) and FAPERJ10.13039/501100004586 (E-26/010/002540/2019). We would also like to thank Tom Davies and Liz Martin-Silverstone at the University of Bristol for the CT scans and Davide Foffa for providing us with the opportunity to examine the CT scans of Brachyrhinodon. Finally, we acknowledge the Tratman Scholarship for funding SAVC-T?s PhD. Photographs of the specimens were skilfully taken by Luiz Flavio Lopes (UFRGS). We thank Gabriela Sobral and an anonymous referee, as well as the editors, for their very thorough and helpful comments.

Publisher Copyright:
© The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2021. All rights reserved.

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Form and function of the teeth and jaws of fossil rhynchocephalians
Chambi-Trowell, S. A. V. (Author), Benton, M. (Supervisor), Rayfield, E. (Supervisor), Whiteside, D. I. (Supervisor) & Gill, P. G. (Supervisor), 1 Oct 2024
Student thesis: Doctoral Thesis › Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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abstract = "Rhynchocephalians are a group of lizard-like diapsid reptiles that were very diverse during the Mesozoic but are now restricted to a single extant genus in New Zealand. Recent cladistic analyses have revealed two major clades, Eusphenodontia and the more crownward Neosphenodontia, but relationships of individual taxa have remained difficult to determine because of missing data and an unrevised data matrix. Here we drastically revise the established data matrix on rhynchocephalians by reassessing, evaluating, and adding new characters and operational taxonomic units, differing from any previous analyses in our goal to consider all known rhynchocephalians. In addition, we describe a new genus and species of an early eusphenodontian taxon from the Norian of southern Brazil, with a unique mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits, and we re-examine the craniodental anatomy of the eusphenodontian Clevosaurus brasiliensis with mCT imaging, revealing a unique form of acrodonty amongst rhynchocephalians.",

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T1 - The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

AU - Chambi-Trowell, Sophie A V

AU - Benton, Michael

AU - Rayfield, Emily J

N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded by NERC (Natural Environment Research Council)10.13039/501100000270 grant NE/K01496X/1 to EJR and PGG. AGM would especially like to thank the Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professorship of the University of Bristol, UFRGS Paleovertebrate team, and CONICET-Argentina, CLS was beneficiated by grant CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307711/2017-0) and FAPERGS10.13039/501100004263 (19/2551-0000719-1), and MBS by CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307938/2019-0) and FAPERJ10.13039/501100004586 (E-26/010/002540/2019). We would also like to thank Tom Davies and Liz Martin-Silverstone at the University of Bristol for the CT scans and Davide Foffa for providing us with the opportunity to examine the CT scans of Brachyrhinodon. Finally, we acknowledge the Tratman Scholarship for funding SAVC-T’s PhD. Photographs of the specimens were skilfully taken by Luiz Flavio Lopes (UFRGS). We thank Gabriela Sobral and an anonymous referee, as well as the editors, for their very thorough and helpful comments. Funding Information: This work was funded by NERC (Natural Environment Research Council)10.13039/501100000270 grant NE/K01496X/1 to EJR and PGG. AGM would especially like to thank the Benjamin Meaker Visiting Professorship of the University of Bristol, UFRGS Paleovertebrate team, and CONICET-Argentina, CLS was beneficiated by grant CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307711/2017-0) and FAPERGS10.13039/501100004263 (19/2551-0000719-1), and MBS by CNPq10.13039/501100003593 (307938/2019-0) and FAPERJ10.13039/501100004586 (E-26/010/002540/2019). We would also like to thank Tom Davies and Liz Martin-Silverstone at the University of Bristol for the CT scans and Davide Foffa for providing us with the opportunity to examine the CT scans of Brachyrhinodon. Finally, we acknowledge the Tratman Scholarship for funding SAVC-T?s PhD. Photographs of the specimens were skilfully taken by Luiz Flavio Lopes (UFRGS). We thank Gabriela Sobral and an anonymous referee, as well as the editors, for their very thorough and helpful comments. Publisher Copyright: © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2021. All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/11/1

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N2 - Rhynchocephalians are a group of lizard-like diapsid reptiles that were very diverse during the Mesozoic but are now restricted to a single extant genus in New Zealand. Recent cladistic analyses have revealed two major clades, Eusphenodontia and the more crownward Neosphenodontia, but relationships of individual taxa have remained difficult to determine because of missing data and an unrevised data matrix. Here we drastically revise the established data matrix on rhynchocephalians by reassessing, evaluating, and adding new characters and operational taxonomic units, differing from any previous analyses in our goal to consider all known rhynchocephalians. In addition, we describe a new genus and species of an early eusphenodontian taxon from the Norian of southern Brazil, with a unique mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits, and we re-examine the craniodental anatomy of the eusphenodontian Clevosaurus brasiliensis with mCT imaging, revealing a unique form of acrodonty amongst rhynchocephalians.

AB - Rhynchocephalians are a group of lizard-like diapsid reptiles that were very diverse during the Mesozoic but are now restricted to a single extant genus in New Zealand. Recent cladistic analyses have revealed two major clades, Eusphenodontia and the more crownward Neosphenodontia, but relationships of individual taxa have remained difficult to determine because of missing data and an unrevised data matrix. Here we drastically revise the established data matrix on rhynchocephalians by reassessing, evaluating, and adding new characters and operational taxonomic units, differing from any previous analyses in our goal to consider all known rhynchocephalians. In addition, we describe a new genus and species of an early eusphenodontian taxon from the Norian of southern Brazil, with a unique mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits, and we re-examine the craniodental anatomy of the eusphenodontian Clevosaurus brasiliensis with mCT imaging, revealing a unique form of acrodonty amongst rhynchocephalians.

U2 - 10.1080/14772019.2021.1976292

DO - 10.1080/14772019.2021.1976292

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

SN - 1477-2019

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EP - 820

JO - Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

JF - Journal of Systematic Palaeontology

IS - 11

ER -

The diversity of Triassic South American sphenodontians: a new basal form, clevosaurs, and a revision of rhynchocephalian phylogeny

Abstract

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Student theses

Form and function of the teeth and jaws of fossil rhynchocephalians

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