The role of Pseudomonas in canine ear disease

Canine otitis externa and media are frequently complicated by the presence of Pseudomonas infection. This article reviews the Pseudomonas bacterium as well as the antibacterial agents that are indicated for treating ear infections, particularly infections with Pseudomonas species. Topical therapy may include gentamicin, ticarcillin, enrofloxacin, polymixin B, or silver sulfadiazine. Systematic therapy is important in helping to resolve chronic infections; the use of fluoroquinolones, particularly, is discussed. Medical management may also require a middle-ear irrigation procedure to remove necrotic debris and enhance the response to topical and systemic therapy. Regular rechecks are also an important part of the successful management of chronic ear disease, particularly with a severe Pseudomonas infection after irrigation or in cases of otitis externa with bacterial infections treated with systemic antibacterial agents. In all chronic cases, the underlying cause (e.g., allergic skin disease [particularly atopy], hyperthyroidism, and keratinization disorders) of the ear disease should be considered because this will influence the likelihood of relapse. The aim of thorough medical management is to avoid, when possible, recourse to surgical intervention.