The role of rhizofiltration and allelopathy on the removal of cyanobacteria in a continuous flow system

Ana Teresa Castro-Castellon; Jocelyne M.R. Hughes; Daniel Steven Read; Yaldah Azimi; Michael James Chipps; Nicholas Peter Hankins

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12343-9

The role of rhizofiltration and allelopathy on the removal of cyanobacteria in a continuous flow system

Ana Teresa Castro-Castellon^*, Jocelyne M.R. Hughes, Daniel Steven Read, Yaldah Azimi, Michael James Chipps, Nicholas Peter Hankins

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Academic Journal) › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A continuous flow filtration system was designed to identify and quantify the removal mechanisms of Cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) by hydroponic biofilters of Phalaris arundinacea compared to synthetic filters. The filtration units were continuously fed under plug-flow conditions with Microcystis grown in photobioreactors. Microcystis cells decreased at the two flow rates studied (1.2 ± 0.2 and 54 ± 3 cm³ minˉ¹) and results suggested physical and chemical/biological removal mechanisms were involved. Physical interception and deposition was the main removal mechanism with packing density of the media driving the extent of cell removal at high flow, whilst physical and chemical/biological mechanisms were involved at low flow. At low flow, the biofilters decreased Microcystis cell numbers by 70% compared to the controls. The decrease in cell numbers in the biofilters was accompanied by a chlorotic process (loss of green colour), suggesting oxidative processes by the release of allelochemicals from the biofilters.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	27731-27741
Number of pages	11
Journal	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Volume	28
Issue number	22
Early online date	30 Jan 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12343-9
Publication status	Published - 30 Jun 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
From Thames Water, the authors thank specially Dr. Paul Rutter for his support and Nick Sutherland for assisting with the experimental set-up logistics. Thanks to Helen Shapland and Kevin O’Reilly, Trace Organics laboratory, Scientific Centre, Wessex Water Ltd., for allowing us the use of their HPLC. The authors are especially grateful to Toni Hall, Alexander T. Jennings and Gary Hunt for their assistance with developing the HPLC allelochemicals method.

Funding Information:
This project was fully sponsored by Thames Water Utilities Ltd. The design of the study presented in this manuscript, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, and writing the manuscript are the views of the authors. Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford sponsored attendance to conferences where aspects of this work were presented.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.

Keywords

Allelopathy
Biofilters
Biofiltration
Cyanobacteria removal
Microcystis removal
Phalaris arundinacea

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title = "The role of rhizofiltration and allelopathy on the removal of cyanobacteria in a continuous flow system",

abstract = "A continuous flow filtration system was designed to identify and quantify the removal mechanisms of Cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) by hydroponic biofilters of Phalaris arundinacea compared to synthetic filters. The filtration units were continuously fed under plug-flow conditions with Microcystis grown in photobioreactors. Microcystis cells decreased at the two flow rates studied (1.2 ± 0.2 and 54 ± 3 cm3 minˉ1) and results suggested physical and chemical/biological removal mechanisms were involved. Physical interception and deposition was the main removal mechanism with packing density of the media driving the extent of cell removal at high flow, whilst physical and chemical/biological mechanisms were involved at low flow. At low flow, the biofilters decreased Microcystis cell numbers by 70% compared to the controls. The decrease in cell numbers in the biofilters was accompanied by a chlorotic process (loss of green colour), suggesting oxidative processes by the release of allelochemicals from the biofilters.",

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AU - Read, Daniel Steven

AU - Azimi, Yaldah

AU - Chipps, Michael James

AU - Hankins, Nicholas Peter

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N2 - A continuous flow filtration system was designed to identify and quantify the removal mechanisms of Cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) by hydroponic biofilters of Phalaris arundinacea compared to synthetic filters. The filtration units were continuously fed under plug-flow conditions with Microcystis grown in photobioreactors. Microcystis cells decreased at the two flow rates studied (1.2 ± 0.2 and 54 ± 3 cm3 minˉ1) and results suggested physical and chemical/biological removal mechanisms were involved. Physical interception and deposition was the main removal mechanism with packing density of the media driving the extent of cell removal at high flow, whilst physical and chemical/biological mechanisms were involved at low flow. At low flow, the biofilters decreased Microcystis cell numbers by 70% compared to the controls. The decrease in cell numbers in the biofilters was accompanied by a chlorotic process (loss of green colour), suggesting oxidative processes by the release of allelochemicals from the biofilters.

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The role of rhizofiltration and allelopathy on the removal of cyanobacteria in a continuous flow system

Abstract

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