The Timeline of Resilience: A Road-map for Cross Operationalisation of Resilience

Over the past three decades resilience has been increasingly recognised as a property that enables systems to become better at responding to change. However, most published work on resilience focuses on linking the concept to the previously existing concepts in rather an isolated way. No one has yet offered a systemic perspective that spans across multiple domains. In this review, we attempt to fill this gap by providing a timeline for resilience. The timeline highlights an underlying evolutionary trend in the growing literature of resilience and demonstrates that decades of work on resilience converge on a common ground of creating a cognitive shift in individual and societal perception of change. With the increasing pace of urbanisation and concerns over ensuring the sustainability of planetary boundaries and wellbeing of social systems, the implications are important. By becoming focused on the role of stress in shaping societal cognitive capacities, the timeline of resilience can shape a roadmap for global cross-scale dialogues on the future operationalisation of resilience.