Abstract
PURPOSE: Psychotic disorders, which are associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality, are up to five times more common in some ethnic minority groups compared with the white majority in Western countries. This long-standing and well-replicated public mental health disparity has hitherto largely eluded adequate explanation. We argue that this might have arisen in part due to the lack of attention given to theoretical work characterising the complex and multidimensional social nature of ethnicity by those epidemiological investigations that have dominated the literature.
METHODS: To bridge this gap, we draw on theoretical and empirical literature from across the social sciences considering the ontological significance of ethnicity (as biology, migration, racialised structures and identity) and its relationships with psychotic disorders to illuminate probable drivers of excess psychosis risk.
RESULTS: The largest gains in our theoretical understanding of excess psychosis risk among ethnic minority groups are to be made by considering ethnicity in relation to disempowerment resulting from structural and identity-based exclusion. The former is readily studied through the social gradient in health: socioeconomic disadvantage clusters in some ethnic minorities and increases the risk of poor health outcomes, including psychosis. Furthermore, limitations on identity acquisition and expression imposed by the ethnic majority can further contribute to alienate ethnic minorities and increase psychosocial disempowerment (a lack of control over one's life).
CONCLUSION: We theorise that structural and identity-based exclusion act as the primary drivers shaping variation in rates of psychotic disorder by ethnic minority status.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology |
| Early online date | 24 Aug 2021 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 24 Aug 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Dr Jongsma was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (Grant ES/S011714/1). Dr Kirkbride was funded by the Wellcome Trust and Royal Society (Grant 101272/Z/13/Z). Dr Jongsma and Prof Jones were funded by the National Institute of Health Research Collaboration of Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East of England. Dr Jongsma and Dr Kirkbride were supported by the National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospital, Biomedical Research Centre.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).