Abstract
Despite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994–2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm−2) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 6379 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Nature Communications |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 31 Oct 2022 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported in part by the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam (SO 087 GeoX to I.G.), the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0013306 to G.d.B., DE‐AC02‐06CH11357 to R.C.S.), the National Science Foundation (#1936752 to M.S.B.-H., E.S.E., C.W.E., #1556772 to A.V.R.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (20BD21_193907 and 20BD21_184131 to D.N.K.), the EU-BASIS programme (ENV4-CT97-0637 to R.J.H.), the German Research Foundation (EXC 2037 ‘CLICCS’ 390683824 to D.H. and L.K.), the National Science Centre, Poland (2017/25/B/ST10/00540 to I.S.), the Research council of Norway (no. 274711 to F.-J.W.P. and no. 301552 to N.P.), the Swedish Research Council (no. 2017-05268 to F.-J.W.P.), Greenland Research Council (no. 80.35 to E.L.-B.), the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (JPMXD1420318865 to M.U.), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020R1A6A3A03038242 to J.-S.K.), the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, ARM (arm.gov) and ArcticNet (arcticnet.ulaval.ca).
Funding Information:
We acknowledge the funding and the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation SNF Grant Nr. 178753 (http://p3.snf.ch/Project-178753) to G.S.S., the University of Zurich Research Priority Program Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB, https://www.gcb.uzh.ch/en.html) and the EU-CHARTER project (European Commission RIA #869471, http://www.charter-arctic.org/). We thank Colin R. Lloyd, Bruce C. Forbes and John C. Moore for their support and stimulating discussions. Funding for the AmeriFlux data portal was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Data from the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) and the Greenland Analogue Project (GAP) were provided by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) at http://www.promice.dk. AON datasets were provided by the Institute of Arctic Biology, UAF, based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #1503912. The National Ecological Observatory Network is a program sponsored by the National Science Foundation and operated under cooperative agreement by Battelle. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the NEON Program. ArcticDEM data is provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. The ISCCP H-series cloud data is provided by NOAA/NCEI. MODIS data is provided by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC). Ameriflux and FLUXNET site ID’s and corresponding doi’s: CA-SCB (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1498754), FI-Lom (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440228), GL-NuF (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440222), GL-ZaF (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440223), GL-ZaH (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440224), RU-Che (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440181), RU-Cok (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440182), RU-Sam (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440185), RU-Tks (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440244), RU-Vrk (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440245), SE-St1 (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440187), SJ-Adv (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440241), SJ-Blv (https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440242), US-A03 (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1498752), US-A10 (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1498753), US-An1 (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246142), US-An2 (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246143), US-An3 (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246144), US-Atq (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246029), US-Brw (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246041), US-EML (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1418678), US-HVa (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246064), US-ICh (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246133), US-ICs (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246130), US-ICt (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246131), US-Ivo (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246067), US-NGB (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1436326), US-Upa (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1246108), US-xHE (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1617729), US-xTL (https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1617739). This work was supported in part by the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam (SO 087 GeoX to I.G.), the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0013306 to G.d.B., DE‐AC02‐06CH11357 to R.C.S.), the National Science Foundation (#1936752 to M.S.B.-H., E.S.E., C.W.E., #1556772 to A.V.R.), the Swiss National Science Foundation (20BD21_193907 and 20BD21_184131 to D.N.K.), the EU-BASIS programme (ENV4-CT97-0637 to R.J.H.), the German Research Foundation (EXC 2037 ‘CLICCS’ 390683824 to D.H. and L.K.), the National Science Centre, Poland (2017/25/B/ST10/00540 to I.S.), the Research council of Norway (no. 274711 to F.-J.W.P. and no. 301552 to N.P.), the Swedish Research Council (no. 2017-05268 to F.-J.W.P.), Greenland Research Council (no. 80.35 to E.L.-B.), the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (JPMXD1420318865 to M.U.), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020R1A6A3A03038242 to J.-S.K.), the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, ARM (arm.gov) and ArcticNet (arcticnet.ulaval.ca). This study is dedicated to Koni Steffen who tragically lost his life on 8 August 2020, while maintaining energy budget measurement instrumentation at Swiss camp on the rapidly melting ice sheet of Greenland.
Funding Information:
We acknowledge the funding and the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation SNF Grant Nr. 178753 ( http://p3.snf.ch/Project-178753 ) to G.S.S., the University of Zurich Research Priority Program Global Change and Biodiversity (URPP GCB, https://www.gcb.uzh.ch/en.html ) and the EU-CHARTER project (European Commission RIA #869471, http://www.charter-arctic.org/ ). We thank Colin R. Lloyd, Bruce C. Forbes and John C. Moore for their support and stimulating discussions. Funding for the AmeriFlux data portal was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Data from the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) and the Greenland Analogue Project (GAP) were provided by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) at http://www.promice.dk . AON datasets were provided by the Institute of Arctic Biology, UAF, based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant #1503912. The National Ecological Observatory Network is a program sponsored by the National Science Foundation and operated under cooperative agreement by Battelle. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the NEON Program. ArcticDEM data is provided by the Polar Geospatial Center under NSF-OPP awards 1043681, 1559691, and 1542736. The ISCCP H-series cloud data is provided by NOAA/NCEI. MODIS data is provided by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
