Vertical Distribution of Water Vapour for Martian Northern Hemisphere Summer in Mars Year 28 from Mars Climate Sounder

R Lolachi; PGJ Irwin; Nicholas A  Teanby

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115141

Vertical Distribution of Water Vapour for Martian Northern Hemisphere Summer in Mars Year 28 from Mars Climate Sounder

R Lolachi, PGJ Irwin, Nicholas A Teanby

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Abstract

We present, for the first time, retrievals of the vertical distribution of water vapour from Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), an original goal of the mission compromised by channel filter performance issues. To work around this problem a two-stage retrieval has been developed and was applied to MCS observations for MY28 NH summer (=111–173°, 26 September 2006 to 27 January 2007). Retrievals were consistent with observations by other instruments for both column abundances (e.g., peak NH summer column abundance of 70 pr. m compared with 50 pr. m in the literature) and vertical profiles. Other key results are nightside vertical profiles of water vapour (retrieved for the first time) and interaction of atmospheric water vapour with the aphelion cloud belt. Seasonal changes in the hygropause (a proxy for condensation level) are reflected in changes in the cloud belt. During late northern summer, when the hygropause level is high at the equator and tropics, the cloudbase is higher (increasing by 10 km from 25 to 35 km) and the belt is weaker.

Original language	English
Article number	115141
Journal	Icarus
Volume	386
Early online date	18 Jun 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115141
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency and the NASA/GSFC Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling (EIMM) team. The work done through the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST-II) is supported by NASA award number 80GSFC21M0002. The authors would like to thank M. Smith for kindly providing TES data used in this study and for the helpful insight given by the reviewers. The authors would also like to thank the MRO spacecraft and MCS instrument operations teams who made these measurements possible. In particular, A. Kleinböhl and D.M. Kass of NASA/JPL for many helpful comments, clarifications and expertise on MRO/MCS.

Funding Information:
This research was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency and the NASA/GSFC Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling (EIMM) team . The work done through the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST-II) is supported by NASA award number 80GSFC21M0002 . The authors would like to thank M. Smith for kindly providing TES data used in this study and for the helpful insight given by the reviewers. The authors would also like to thank the MRO spacecraft and MCS instrument operations teams who made these measurements possible. In particular, A. Kleinböhl and D.M. Kass of NASA/JPL for many helpful comments, clarifications and expertise on MRO/MCS.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022

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10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115141

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This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Elsevier at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115141. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.
Accepted author manuscript, 4.76 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Linking atmospheric and surface processes with ExoMars 2016
Teanby, N. A. (Principal Investigator)
1/07/17 → 30/09/22
Project: Research

Cite this

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title = "Vertical Distribution of Water Vapour for Martian Northern Hemisphere Summer in Mars Year 28 from Mars Climate Sounder",

abstract = "We present, for the first time, retrievals of the vertical distribution of water vapour from Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), an original goal of the mission compromised by channel filter performance issues. To work around this problem a two-stage retrieval has been developed and was applied to MCS observations for MY28 NH summer (=111–173°, 26 September 2006 to 27 January 2007). Retrievals were consistent with observations by other instruments for both column abundances (e.g., peak NH summer column abundance of 70 pr. m compared with 50 pr. m in the literature) and vertical profiles. Other key results are nightside vertical profiles of water vapour (retrieved for the first time) and interaction of atmospheric water vapour with the aphelion cloud belt. Seasonal changes in the hygropause (a proxy for condensation level) are reflected in changes in the cloud belt. During late northern summer, when the hygropause level is high at the equator and tropics, the cloudbase is higher (increasing by 10 km from 25 to 35 km) and the belt is weaker.",

author = "R Lolachi and PGJ Irwin and Teanby, {Nicholas A}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency and the NASA/GSFC Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling (EIMM) team. The work done through the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST-II) is supported by NASA award number 80GSFC21M0002. The authors would like to thank M. Smith for kindly providing TES data used in this study and for the helpful insight given by the reviewers. The authors would also like to thank the MRO spacecraft and MCS instrument operations teams who made these measurements possible. In particular, A. Kleinb{\"o}hl and D.M. Kass of NASA/JPL for many helpful comments, clarifications and expertise on MRO/MCS. Funding Information: This research was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency and the NASA/GSFC Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling (EIMM) team . The work done through the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST-II) is supported by NASA award number 80GSFC21M0002 . The authors would like to thank M. Smith for kindly providing TES data used in this study and for the helpful insight given by the reviewers. The authors would also like to thank the MRO spacecraft and MCS instrument operations teams who made these measurements possible. In particular, A. Kleinb{\"o}hl and D.M. Kass of NASA/JPL for many helpful comments, clarifications and expertise on MRO/MCS. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",

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T1 - Vertical Distribution of Water Vapour for Martian Northern Hemisphere Summer in Mars Year 28 from Mars Climate Sounder

AU - Lolachi, R

AU - Irwin, PGJ

AU - Teanby, Nicholas A

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency and the NASA/GSFC Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling (EIMM) team. The work done through the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST-II) is supported by NASA award number 80GSFC21M0002. The authors would like to thank M. Smith for kindly providing TES data used in this study and for the helpful insight given by the reviewers. The authors would also like to thank the MRO spacecraft and MCS instrument operations teams who made these measurements possible. In particular, A. Kleinböhl and D.M. Kass of NASA/JPL for many helpful comments, clarifications and expertise on MRO/MCS. Funding Information: This research was funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the UK Space Agency and the NASA/GSFC Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling (EIMM) team . The work done through the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST-II) is supported by NASA award number 80GSFC21M0002 . The authors would like to thank M. Smith for kindly providing TES data used in this study and for the helpful insight given by the reviewers. The authors would also like to thank the MRO spacecraft and MCS instrument operations teams who made these measurements possible. In particular, A. Kleinböhl and D.M. Kass of NASA/JPL for many helpful comments, clarifications and expertise on MRO/MCS. Publisher Copyright: © 2022

PY - 2022/11/1

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N2 - We present, for the first time, retrievals of the vertical distribution of water vapour from Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), an original goal of the mission compromised by channel filter performance issues. To work around this problem a two-stage retrieval has been developed and was applied to MCS observations for MY28 NH summer (=111–173°, 26 September 2006 to 27 January 2007). Retrievals were consistent with observations by other instruments for both column abundances (e.g., peak NH summer column abundance of 70 pr. m compared with 50 pr. m in the literature) and vertical profiles. Other key results are nightside vertical profiles of water vapour (retrieved for the first time) and interaction of atmospheric water vapour with the aphelion cloud belt. Seasonal changes in the hygropause (a proxy for condensation level) are reflected in changes in the cloud belt. During late northern summer, when the hygropause level is high at the equator and tropics, the cloudbase is higher (increasing by 10 km from 25 to 35 km) and the belt is weaker.

AB - We present, for the first time, retrievals of the vertical distribution of water vapour from Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) aboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), an original goal of the mission compromised by channel filter performance issues. To work around this problem a two-stage retrieval has been developed and was applied to MCS observations for MY28 NH summer (=111–173°, 26 September 2006 to 27 January 2007). Retrievals were consistent with observations by other instruments for both column abundances (e.g., peak NH summer column abundance of 70 pr. m compared with 50 pr. m in the literature) and vertical profiles. Other key results are nightside vertical profiles of water vapour (retrieved for the first time) and interaction of atmospheric water vapour with the aphelion cloud belt. Seasonal changes in the hygropause (a proxy for condensation level) are reflected in changes in the cloud belt. During late northern summer, when the hygropause level is high at the equator and tropics, the cloudbase is higher (increasing by 10 km from 25 to 35 km) and the belt is weaker.

U2 - 10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115141

DO - 10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115141

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

SN - 0019-1035

VL - 386

JO - Icarus

JF - Icarus

M1 - 115141

ER -

Vertical Distribution of Water Vapour for Martian Northern Hemisphere Summer in Mars Year 28 from Mars Climate Sounder

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Linking atmospheric and surface processes with ExoMars 2016

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