VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the assembly of a massive cluster at z ~ 3.3

B. C. Lemaux; O. Cucciati; L. A. M. Tasca; O. Le Fèvre; G. Zamorani; P. Cassata; B. Garilli; V. Le Brun; D. Maccagni; L. Pentericci; R. Thomas; E. Vanzella; E. Zucca; R. Amorín; S. Bardelli; P. Capak; L. P. Cassarà; M. Castellano; A. Cimatti; J. G. Cuby; S. de la Torre; A. Durkalec; A. Fontana; M. Giavalisco; A. Grazian; N. P. Hathi; O. Ilbert; C. Moreau; S. Paltani; B. Ribeiro; M. Salvato; D. Schaerer; M. Scodeggio; V. Sommariva; M. Talia; Y. Taniguchi; L. Tresse; D. Vergani; P. W. Wang; S. Charlot; T. Contini; S. Fotopoulou; R. R. Gal; D. D. Kocevski; C. López-Sanjuan; L. M. Lubin; Y. Mellier; T. Sadibekova; N. Scoville

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423828

VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the assembly of a massive cluster at z ~ 3.3

B. C. Lemaux, O. Cucciati, L. A. M. Tasca, O. Le Fèvre, G. Zamorani, P. Cassata, B. Garilli, V. Le Brun, D. Maccagni, L. Pentericci, R. Thomas, E. Vanzella, E. Zucca, R. Amorín, S. Bardelli, P. Capak, L. P. Cassarà, M. Castellano, A. Cimatti, J. G. CubyS. de la Torre, A. Durkalec, A. Fontana, M. Giavalisco, A. Grazian, N. P. Hathi, O. Ilbert, C. Moreau, S. Paltani, B. Ribeiro, M. Salvato, D. Schaerer, M. Scodeggio, V. Sommariva, M. Talia, Y. Taniguchi, L. Tresse, D. Vergani, P. W. Wang, S. Charlot, T. Contini, S. Fotopoulou, R. R. Gal, D. D. Kocevski, C. López-Sanjuan, L. M. Lubin, Y. Mellier, T. Sadibekova, N. Scoville

School of Physics

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Abstract

Using new spectroscopic observations obtained as part of the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS), we performed a systematic search for overdense environments in the early universe (z> 2) and report here on the discovery of Cl J0227-0421, a massive protocluster at z = 3.29. This protocluster is characterized by both the large overdensity of spectroscopically confirmed members, δ_gal = 10.5 ± 2.8, and a significant overdensity in photometric redshift members. The halo mass of this protocluster is estimated by a variety of methods to be ~3 × 10¹⁴ℳ_☉ at z ~ 3.3, which, evolved to z = 0 results in a halo mass rivaling or exceeding that of the Coma cluster. The properties of 19 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies are compared with a large sample of VUDS/VVDS galaxies in lower density field environments at similar redshifts. We find tentative evidence for an excess of redder, brighter, and more massive galaxies within the confines of the protocluster relative to the field population, which suggests that we may be observing the beginning ofenvironmentally induced quenching. The properties of these galaxies are investigated, including a discussion of the brightest protocluster galaxy, which appears to be undergoing vigorous coeval nuclear and starburst activity. The remaining member galaxies appear to have characteristics that are largely similar to the field population. Though we find weaker evidence of the suppression of the median star formation rates among and differences in the stacked spectra of member galaxies with respect to the field, we defer any conclusions about these trends to future work with the ensemble of protostructures that are found in the full VUDS sample. Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Program 185.A-0791.Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.orgData are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/572/A41...

Original language	English
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423828
Publication status	Published - Dec 2014

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Lemaux, B. C., Cucciati, O., Tasca, L. A. M., Le Fèvre, O., Zamorani, G., Cassata, P., Garilli, B., Le Brun, V., Maccagni, D., Pentericci, L., Thomas, R., Vanzella, E., Zucca, E., Amorín, R., Bardelli, S., Capak, P., Cassarà, L. P., Castellano, M., Cimatti, A., ... Scoville, N. (2014). VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the assembly of a massive cluster at z ~ 3.3. Astronomy and Astrophysics. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423828

@article{8b046dce8132491bb8906b98013fd538,

title = "VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the assembly of a massive cluster at z ~ 3.3",

abstract = "Using new spectroscopic observations obtained as part of the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS), we performed a systematic search for overdense environments in the early universe (z> 2) and report here on the discovery of Cl J0227-0421, a massive protocluster at z = 3.29. This protocluster is characterized by both the large overdensity of spectroscopically confirmed members, δgal = 10.5 ± 2.8, and a significant overdensity in photometric redshift members. The halo mass of this protocluster is estimated by a variety of methods to be ~3 × 1014ℳ☉ at z ~ 3.3, which, evolved to z = 0 results in a halo mass rivaling or exceeding that of the Coma cluster. The properties of 19 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies are compared with a large sample of VUDS/VVDS galaxies in lower density field environments at similar redshifts. We find tentative evidence for an excess of redder, brighter, and more massive galaxies within the confines of the protocluster relative to the field population, which suggests that we may be observing the beginning ofenvironmentally induced quenching. The properties of these galaxies are investigated, including a discussion of the brightest protocluster galaxy, which appears to be undergoing vigorous coeval nuclear and starburst activity. The remaining member galaxies appear to have characteristics that are largely similar to the field population. Though we find weaker evidence of the suppression of the median star formation rates among and differences in the stacked spectra of member galaxies with respect to the field, we defer any conclusions about these trends to future work with the ensemble of protostructures that are found in the full VUDS sample. Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Program 185.A-0791.Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.orgData are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/572/A41...",

author = "Lemaux, {B. C.} and O. Cucciati and Tasca, {L. A. M.} and {Le F{\`e}vre}, O. and G. Zamorani and P. Cassata and B. Garilli and {Le Brun}, V. and D. Maccagni and L. Pentericci and R. Thomas and E. Vanzella and E. Zucca and R. Amor{\'i}n and S. Bardelli and P. Capak and Cassar{\`a}, {L. P.} and M. Castellano and A. Cimatti and Cuby, {J. G.} and {de la Torre}, S. and A. Durkalec and A. Fontana and M. Giavalisco and A. Grazian and Hathi, {N. P.} and O. Ilbert and C. Moreau and S. Paltani and B. Ribeiro and M. Salvato and D. Schaerer and M. Scodeggio and V. Sommariva and M. Talia and Y. Taniguchi and L. Tresse and D. Vergani and Wang, {P. W.} and S. Charlot and T. Contini and S. Fotopoulou and Gal, {R. R.} and Kocevski, {D. D.} and C. L{\'o}pez-Sanjuan and Lubin, {L. M.} and Y. Mellier and T. Sadibekova and N. Scoville",

year = "2014",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201423828",

language = "English",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Lemaux, BC, Cucciati, O, Tasca, LAM, Le Fèvre, O, Zamorani, G, Cassata, P, Garilli, B, Le Brun, V, Maccagni, D, Pentericci, L, Thomas, R, Vanzella, E, Zucca, E, Amorín, R, Bardelli, S, Capak, P, Cassarà, LP, Castellano, M, Cimatti, A, Cuby, JG, de la Torre, S, Durkalec, A, Fontana, A, Giavalisco, M, Grazian, A, Hathi, NP, Ilbert, O, Moreau, C, Paltani, S, Ribeiro, B, Salvato, M, Schaerer, D, Scodeggio, M, Sommariva, V, Talia, M, Taniguchi, Y, Tresse, L, Vergani, D, Wang, PW, Charlot, S, Contini, T, Fotopoulou, S, Gal, RR, Kocevski, DD, López-Sanjuan, C, Lubin, LM, Mellier, Y, Sadibekova, T & Scoville, N 2014, 'VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the assembly of a massive cluster at z ~ 3.3', Astronomy and Astrophysics. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423828

TY - JOUR

T1 - VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the assembly of a massive cluster at z ~ 3.3

AU - Lemaux, B. C.

AU - Cucciati, O.

AU - Tasca, L. A. M.

AU - Le Fèvre, O.

AU - Zamorani, G.

AU - Cassata, P.

AU - Garilli, B.

AU - Le Brun, V.

AU - Maccagni, D.

AU - Pentericci, L.

AU - Thomas, R.

AU - Vanzella, E.

AU - Zucca, E.

AU - Amorín, R.

AU - Bardelli, S.

AU - Capak, P.

AU - Cassarà, L. P.

AU - Castellano, M.

AU - Cimatti, A.

AU - Cuby, J. G.

AU - de la Torre, S.

AU - Durkalec, A.

AU - Fontana, A.

AU - Giavalisco, M.

AU - Grazian, A.

AU - Hathi, N. P.

AU - Ilbert, O.

AU - Moreau, C.

AU - Paltani, S.

AU - Ribeiro, B.

AU - Salvato, M.

AU - Schaerer, D.

AU - Scodeggio, M.

AU - Sommariva, V.

AU - Talia, M.

AU - Taniguchi, Y.

AU - Tresse, L.

AU - Vergani, D.

AU - Wang, P. W.

AU - Charlot, S.

AU - Contini, T.

AU - Fotopoulou, S.

AU - Gal, R. R.

AU - Kocevski, D. D.

AU - López-Sanjuan, C.

AU - Lubin, L. M.

AU - Mellier, Y.

AU - Sadibekova, T.

AU - Scoville, N.

PY - 2014/12

Y1 - 2014/12

N2 - Using new spectroscopic observations obtained as part of the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS), we performed a systematic search for overdense environments in the early universe (z> 2) and report here on the discovery of Cl J0227-0421, a massive protocluster at z = 3.29. This protocluster is characterized by both the large overdensity of spectroscopically confirmed members, δgal = 10.5 ± 2.8, and a significant overdensity in photometric redshift members. The halo mass of this protocluster is estimated by a variety of methods to be ~3 × 1014ℳ☉ at z ~ 3.3, which, evolved to z = 0 results in a halo mass rivaling or exceeding that of the Coma cluster. The properties of 19 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies are compared with a large sample of VUDS/VVDS galaxies in lower density field environments at similar redshifts. We find tentative evidence for an excess of redder, brighter, and more massive galaxies within the confines of the protocluster relative to the field population, which suggests that we may be observing the beginning ofenvironmentally induced quenching. The properties of these galaxies are investigated, including a discussion of the brightest protocluster galaxy, which appears to be undergoing vigorous coeval nuclear and starburst activity. The remaining member galaxies appear to have characteristics that are largely similar to the field population. Though we find weaker evidence of the suppression of the median star formation rates among and differences in the stacked spectra of member galaxies with respect to the field, we defer any conclusions about these trends to future work with the ensemble of protostructures that are found in the full VUDS sample. Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Program 185.A-0791.Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.orgData are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/572/A41...

AB - Using new spectroscopic observations obtained as part of the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS), we performed a systematic search for overdense environments in the early universe (z> 2) and report here on the discovery of Cl J0227-0421, a massive protocluster at z = 3.29. This protocluster is characterized by both the large overdensity of spectroscopically confirmed members, δgal = 10.5 ± 2.8, and a significant overdensity in photometric redshift members. The halo mass of this protocluster is estimated by a variety of methods to be ~3 × 1014ℳ☉ at z ~ 3.3, which, evolved to z = 0 results in a halo mass rivaling or exceeding that of the Coma cluster. The properties of 19 spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies are compared with a large sample of VUDS/VVDS galaxies in lower density field environments at similar redshifts. We find tentative evidence for an excess of redder, brighter, and more massive galaxies within the confines of the protocluster relative to the field population, which suggests that we may be observing the beginning ofenvironmentally induced quenching. The properties of these galaxies are investigated, including a discussion of the brightest protocluster galaxy, which appears to be undergoing vigorous coeval nuclear and starburst activity. The remaining member galaxies appear to have characteristics that are largely similar to the field population. Though we find weaker evidence of the suppression of the median star formation rates among and differences in the stacked spectra of member galaxies with respect to the field, we defer any conclusions about these trends to future work with the ensemble of protostructures that are found in the full VUDS sample. Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Program 185.A-0791.Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.orgData are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/572/A41...

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201423828

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201423828

M3 - Article (Academic Journal)

SN - 0004-6361

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

ER -

VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the assembly of a massive cluster at z ~ 3.3

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