What happened to initial teacher education in Indonesia? A review of the literature

This paper provides an overview of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in Indonesia over the past seven decades
(1950-2019) from some theme-related literature. The summary of the socio and geographical background
which affect the quality of teachers in the national scale is briefly presented followed by the information about
Indonesian student achievement and the need of improvement of ITE in the literature. This paper focuses on
the impacts of some historical, political and ITE educational system background to the development of teacher
education. The review also illustrates the challenges and condition of ITE nowadays. The paper suggested a
program outcome evaluation study as one of the possible solutions to improve and sustain the quality of ITE
and its graduates.