zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols

Theodoros Constantinides; John Cartlidge

doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729

zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols

Theodoros Constantinides^*
, John Cartlidge

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

49 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

We introduce a zero-knowledge cryptocurrency mixer framework that allows groups of users to set up a mixing pool with configurable governance conditions, configurable deposit delays, and the ability to refund or confiscate deposits if it is suspected that funds originate from crime. Using a consensus process, group participants can monitor inputs to the mixer and determine whether the inputs satisfy the mixer conditions. If a deposit is accepted by the group, it will enter the mixer and become untraceable. If it is not accepted, the verifiers can freeze the deposit and collectively vote to either refund the deposit back to the user, or confiscate the deposit and send it to a different user. This behaviour can be used to examine deposits, determine if they originate from a legitimate source, and if not, return deposits to victims of crime.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS 2025)
Publisher	IEEE Computer Society
Pages	111-120
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331536145
ISBN (Print)	9798331536152
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729 https://doi.org/10.1109/DAPPS65174.2025.00022
Publication status	Published - 2 Sept 2025
Event	The 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures - University of Arizona, Tuscon, United States Duration: 21 Jul 2025 → 24 Jul 2025 Conference number: 7 https://conf.researchr.org/track/cisose-2025/dapps-2025

Publication series

Name	IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures
Publisher	IEEE
ISSN (Print)	2835-348X
ISSN (Electronic)	2835-3498

Conference

Conference	The 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures
Abbreviated title	DAPPS 2025
Country/Territory	United States
City	Tuscon
Period	21/07/25 → 24/07/25
Internet address	https://conf.researchr.org/track/cisose-2025/dapps-2025

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Research Groups and Themes

Intelligent Systems Laboratory (FinTech)
Financial Engineering Lab
FEL
Intelligent Systems Laboratory
ISL

Keywords

cryptocurrency mixer
zero-knowledge
cryptocurrencies
blockchain technology
privacy

Access to Document

10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729
10.1109/DAPPS65174.2025.00022Licence: Other

Full-text PDF (accepted manuscript)
This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM) of the article which has been made Open Access under the University of Bristol's Scholarly Works Policy. The final published version (Version of Record) can be found on the publisher's website. The copyright of any third-party content, such as images, remains with the copyright holder.
Accepted author manuscript, 448 KBLicence: CC BY

Handle.net

Persistent link

8463 EPSRC EP/Y028392/1 AI For Collective Intelligence SEMT
Cartlidge, J. (Principal Investigator)
1/02/24 → 31/01/29
Project: Research

Cite this

Constantinides, T., & Cartlidge, J. (2025). zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols. In 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS 2025) (pp. 111-120). (IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures). IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729, https://doi.org/10.1109/DAPPS65174.2025.00022

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title = "zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols",

abstract = "We introduce a zero-knowledge cryptocurrency mixer framework that allows groups of users to set up a mixing pool with configurable governance conditions, configurable deposit delays, and the ability to refund or confiscate deposits if it is suspected that funds originate from crime. Using a consensus process, group participants can monitor inputs to the mixer and determine whether the inputs satisfy the mixer conditions. If a deposit is accepted by the group, it will enter the mixer and become untraceable. If it is not accepted, the verifiers can freeze the deposit and collectively vote to either refund the deposit back to the user, or confiscate the deposit and send it to a different user. This behaviour can be used to examine deposits, determine if they originate from a legitimate source, and if not, return deposits to victims of crime.",

keywords = "cryptocurrency mixer, zero-knowledge, cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, privacy",

author = "Theodoros Constantinides and John Cartlidge",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "2",

doi = "10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729",

language = "English",

isbn = "9798331536152",

series = "IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures",

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pages = "111--120",

booktitle = "7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS 2025)",

address = "United States",

note = "The 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures, DAPPS 2025 ; Conference date: 21-07-2025 Through 24-07-2025",

url = "https://conf.researchr.org/track/cisose-2025/dapps-2025",

}

Constantinides, T & Cartlidge, J 2025, zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols. in 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS 2025). IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 111-120, The 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures, Tuscon, Arizona, United States, 21/07/25. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729, https://doi.org/10.1109/DAPPS65174.2025.00022

zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols. / Constantinides, Theodoros ; Cartlidge, John.
7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS 2025). IEEE Computer Society, 2025. p. 111-120 (IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

TY - GEN

T1 - zkMixer

T2 - The 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures

AU - Constantinides, Theodoros

AU - Cartlidge, John

N1 - Conference code: 7

PY - 2025/9/2

Y1 - 2025/9/2

N2 - We introduce a zero-knowledge cryptocurrency mixer framework that allows groups of users to set up a mixing pool with configurable governance conditions, configurable deposit delays, and the ability to refund or confiscate deposits if it is suspected that funds originate from crime. Using a consensus process, group participants can monitor inputs to the mixer and determine whether the inputs satisfy the mixer conditions. If a deposit is accepted by the group, it will enter the mixer and become untraceable. If it is not accepted, the verifiers can freeze the deposit and collectively vote to either refund the deposit back to the user, or confiscate the deposit and send it to a different user. This behaviour can be used to examine deposits, determine if they originate from a legitimate source, and if not, return deposits to victims of crime.

AB - We introduce a zero-knowledge cryptocurrency mixer framework that allows groups of users to set up a mixing pool with configurable governance conditions, configurable deposit delays, and the ability to refund or confiscate deposits if it is suspected that funds originate from crime. Using a consensus process, group participants can monitor inputs to the mixer and determine whether the inputs satisfy the mixer conditions. If a deposit is accepted by the group, it will enter the mixer and become untraceable. If it is not accepted, the verifiers can freeze the deposit and collectively vote to either refund the deposit back to the user, or confiscate the deposit and send it to a different user. This behaviour can be used to examine deposits, determine if they originate from a legitimate source, and if not, return deposits to victims of crime.

KW - cryptocurrency mixer

KW - zero-knowledge

KW - cryptocurrencies

KW - blockchain technology

KW - privacy

U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729

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M3 - Conference Contribution (Conference Proceeding)

SN - 9798331536152

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SP - 111

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PB - IEEE Computer Society

Y2 - 21 July 2025 through 24 July 2025

ER -

Constantinides T , Cartlidge J. zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols. In 7th IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures (DAPPS 2025). IEEE Computer Society. 2025. p. 111-120. (IEEE International Conference on Decentralized Applications and Infrastructures). doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2503.14729, 10.1109/DAPPS65174.2025.00022

zkMixer: A Configurable Zero-Knowledge Mixer with Anti-Money Laundering Consensus Protocols

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Research Groups and Themes

Keywords

Access to Document

Handle.net

Fingerprint

Projects

8463 EPSRC EP/Y028392/1 AI For Collective Intelligence SEMT

Cite this