An exploration of the factors influencing decisions to specialise in orthodontics, including the role of undergraduate dental education.

Abstract

Introduction: This study explored factors that influence decisions to specialise in
orthodontics, with a specific focus on the role of undergraduate education. Previously, there
has been little investigation into the influence of undergraduate dental education on
specialising. Although there is often limited exposure to orthodontics in undergraduate
dentistry, it is a popular choice of specialty.

Aims: The study explored whether there is a hidden curriculum surrounding orthodontics in
undergraduate education and if this has an influence on career decisions. In addition, other
factors were considered that may have influenced decisions to specialise in orthodontics.

Methodology: A qualitative research methodology was used with data gathered through in-depth individual interviews with eight orthodontic specialty registrars. The data was
analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Four key themes were identified: Segregation; Importance of relationships;
Orthodontics as a career; and Road to becoming an orthodontist. A hidden curriculum
surrounding orthodontics at dental school was identified, with participants explaining that
orthodontics was treated differently and they felt excluded from the specialty.

Conclusions: The reasons for choosing a career in orthodontics are complex and
multifactorial but can be conceptualised to four components - personal characteristics,
educational environment, cognitive lens, and choice. Participants highlighted factors that
influenced their decisions to specialise including having a role-model, enjoyment of the
nature of orthodontics, and positive perceptions of orthodontics as a career. Hindering
factors to specialising included negative perceptions of orthodontics acquired during dental
degrees, lack of exposure to orthodontics in undergraduate training, and barriers in the
pathways to specialising.

Date of Award	8 Jul 2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of Bristol
Supervisor	Farnaz Parvizi (Supervisor) & Sally Dowling (Supervisor)