Autonomous Light-Based Robotic Control of Cellular Dynamics

Abstract

Collective behaviours of large populations of cells are fundamental to many biological systems, from tissue development to wound healing. These cells respond to diverse stimuli, but achieving effective coordination requires precise spatial and temporal control. By leveraging light to precisely control cellular behaviour, new possibilities can be discovered to achieve simultaneous control over individual and collective cellular dynamics. However, such precision requires advanced tools that deliver high spatiotemporal resolution, adaptability, and flexibility across a range of experimental needs. This work introduces the Dynamic Optical MicroEnvironment (DOME), an open-source, low-cost, and modular platform for closed-loop optical control of microscale agents. The DOME has been transformed to support live-cell imaging and precise light irradiation, addressing the dual challenge of real-time visualisation and localised control of living cells. Through a series of key advancements, including alternative imaging channels (brightfield, fluorescence, and 405 nm), customisable photoactivation wavelengths, and compatibility with incubator environments, specialised versions of the platform have been developed: the Bio-DOME, Fluoro-DOME, Epi-DOME, and Lumi-DOME. Each iteration is tailored to specific biological or optical needs, enabling researchers to explore long-term cellular behaviours in an affordable and modular setup. In the Lumi-DOME, iterative experiments with real-time, closed-loop control of projected light patterns over 24 hours unveiled promising strategies towards wound healing utilising MDCK and human keratinocyte cell lines. Furthermore, this work has been complemented by public outreach and professional engagement that provided valuable insights that will inform the future development of this technology as an autonomous robotic device for digital health applications.

Date of Award	13 May 2025
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of Bristol
Supervisor	Sabine Hauert (Supervisor) & Eugenia Piddini (Supervisor)