Examining experiences and perceptions of ethnic diversity and inclusivity in United Kingdom orthodontics

: A national survey study

Abstract

Introduction:
Ethnic diversity and inclusivity within the United Kingdom (UK) orthodontic specialty and its impact on career pathway is an under-researched area. This study examines the experiences and perceptions of qualified and trainee orthodontists on the degree of ethnic diversity and inclusion within the orthodontic specialty in the UK, and their sense of belonging within the profession.


Methods:
Members of the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) who are trainee or qualified orthodontists were asked to complete a self-administered national online questionnaire. The 59-item questionnaire was based on the categories of ethnic diversity, ethnic inclusivity and belonging. Questions pertaining to ethnic diversity included subcategories: ethnic diversity related to representation, impact of location on career progression, cost of training, and facilitators influencing choosing orthodontics. Questions pertaining to ethnic inclusivity included subcategories: sense of belonging, harassment and bullying, being treated differently: selection and training, being treated differently: career progression and workplace experience, being treated differently: complaints.


Results:
Of the 1529 qualified and trainee orthodontist members of the BOS surveyed, 167 responded representing a 10.9% response rate. The survey data was analysed by separating the respondents into those being a Minority Ethnic Group (MEG) and a White ethnic group. The results found several significant differences in the experiences and perceptions of ethnic diversity, inclusion and sense of belonging between MEG and White group. In addition, the findings highlighted differences in perceived barriers and facilitators to specialist orthodontic training and career progression by the MEG group compared to the White group.


Conclusion:
This study of the UK orthodontics specialty found that the profession is an ethnically diverse, inclusive and welcoming profession for the majority of both groups. However, for some, a more ‘chilly’ culture exists with decreased feelings of belonging and inclusion within the profession. This study provides an important insight into this under-researched area and suggests more research is required to help make the orthodontic profession more inclusive and welcoming for all.

Date of Award	1 Oct 2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of Bristol
Supervisor	Patricia Neville (Supervisor), Alan D Buckingham (Supervisor) & Peter V Fowler (Supervisor)