The ecology, evolution and importance of wasps

Abstract

The aculeate wasps represent an ecologically and behaviourally diverse group which are of scientific interest due to the prevalence of eusociality and the varied roles they play in ecosystems. The paper wasps (Polistinae) represent an informative group for studying eusocial evolution since species lie along a spectrum of social complexity, thus providing insights into the origin and elaboration of eusociality. However, social evolution in wasps and their ecological and economic importance is understudied. Thus, the aim of this thesis was threefold: i) investigate the social organisation of two species of epiponine wasps (Angiopolybia pallens and Polybia quadricincta), ii) generate the first available transcriptomes for the Epiponini, and iii) review the ecological and economic importance of the aculeate wasps. In Chapter 2, I carried out morphometric analyses on two nests of P. quadricincta, finding subtle caste differentiation between queens and workers in a late-stage nest and uncovering the presence of three phenotypes (queens, workers, and intermediates). These findings were consistent with data for other Polybia species and further our understanding of social organisation and evolution in the Epiponini. In Chapter 3, I sequenced and constructed the transcriptomes of A. pallens and P. quadricincta, representing the first available genomic resources for the Epiponini. Both transcriptomes were of good quality and completeness and will be valuable for future genomic studies regarding the molecular basis of social evolution. In Chapter 4, a review of available literature revealed aculeate wasps as important predators, parasitoids, and pollinators in ecosystems worldwide. Their economic importance is exemplified through roles in pest management and biological control programs along with their dietary and biomedical importance. Overall, data generated in Chapters 2 and 3 will contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying social evolution in the wasps, whilst Chapter 4 is important in highlighting the importance of the underappreciated aculeate wasps.

Date of Award	16 Jan 2018
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of Bristol
Supervisor	Seirian R Sumner (Supervisor) & Davide Pisani (Supervisor)